Development - Pattern of change that starts at conception and continues through the life span
What are the 3 contextual influences of the life span? - 1. Normative age-graded influence
2. Normative history-graded influence
3. Nonnormative life events
Normative Age-Graded Influence - Biological and environmental influences that are similar for people in
the same age group
Normative History-Graded Influence - Generational
Nonnormative Life Events - Unusual occurrences in an individual's life
Social Policy - Government's action to promote the welfare of citizens
What are the 3 processes of development? - 1. Biological - changes in an individual's physical nature
2. Cognitive - changes in thought, intelligence, and language
3. Socioemotional - changes in relationships, emotions, and personality
Prenatal Period - (Before birth)
Single cell to a complete organism with a brain and behavior
Infancy Period - (Birth - 24 months)
Language, symbolic thought, coordination, and social learning
Early Childhood - (24 months - 6 years)
, self-sufficient, follow instructions, and play with peers
Middle/Late Childhood - (6 years - 11 years)
Reading, writing, math, and striving to achieve
Adolescence - (12 years - 22 years)
Dramatic physical changes, pursuit of independence/identity, logical/abstract/idealistic thought
Early Adulthood - (Late teens - 30's)
Independence, career prominence, and finding a mate
Middle Adulthood - (40's - 60's)
Personal/social involvement, assisting the next generation, maintaining career
Late Adulthood - (60's - death)
Life review, retirement, decreased strength/health
Biological Age - Health of an individual
Psychological Age - Adaptive capacity compared to other people the same age
Social Age - Connectedness with others
Chronological Age - Years of life
Nature-Nurture Debate - Debate on how much we are influenced by nature (biology) and nurture
(environment)
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