Authoritarian Parenting - Attempts to shape, control and evaluate a childs behavior. Obedience is
stressed, verbal give and take is discouraged
Behavioral outcome (authoritarian parenting) - Children tend to be disconnected, withdrawn, and
distrustful
Authoritative parenting - Provides firm but nurturing direction for a child's overall activities. Freedom is
given with reasonable limits. The parent provides reasons for given policies
Behavioral outcome (authoritative parenting) - Child has a healthy sense of autonomy and positive
attitudes toward work. Child tends to be self reliant, self-controlled, explorative and contented
Permissive parenting - Parents seek to provide a no punitive accepting and affirmative environment in
which the children regulate their own behavior as much as possible. Parents make few demands
Behavioral outcome (permissive parenting) - Child lacks sense of inner control, may have diffused values
and may engage in counter-productive, antisocial behavior as a result of a lack of self crew
Harmonious parenting - Parenting seldom exercise direct control over their children. The child is not
placed in a power disadvantage. Major objective is to maintain a tranquil relationship with the child
Behavioral outcome (harmonious parenting) - Females are extraordinarily competent, independent,
friendly, achievement oriented and intelligent. Males are cooperative, but submissive, aimless
dependent, and not achievement oriented
Theories of personality development - Freud, erikson, behavioral, cognitive perspective, ecological view
, Freud Theory - Early childhood experience determine character of adult personality; fixation occurs if
not allowed to suck until child is ready to be weaned
Erikson theory - Child's essential task is to develop trust; maintained that each stage of life required its
own social crisis resolution
Behavioral theory (Waston) - Rewards and punishment contingencies determine child's personality
Cognitive perspective (Piaget) - Focused on how children reasoned
Ecological View (Bronfenbrenner) - Variety of environmental influences contribute to child's social and
emotional development
Attachment- First Stage - Birth to 2 months; infants aroused by human and nonhuman aspects of the
environment
Attachment- second stage - 3rd to 6th months; responsive to human beings whether familiar or
unfamiliar
Attachment- third stage - 7 months; specific attachment; preference for a particular person
Mary Ainsworth - Specific attachment by 6th month in Ugandan infants
Ethological and Learning perspective - Ways attachments form
Ethologist - Parent as elicitor or releaser
Learning theorists - Parent neutral stimulus; later secondary reinforcer
Functions of attachment - -attachment behavioral system
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