launched in 1096 when Pope Urban II declared that a campaign should be waged to
take back the Holy Land for the Church
First Crusade -only crusade that achieved any measure of success (Jerusalem was captured)
-it was a bloodbath
-all in all, 4 crusades-even Children's crusade
refers to a situation in which you set out to do one thing and you don't accomplish the
one thing you set out to do—but along the way a lot of other things happen that you
the law of unintended consequences never intended, for good or for bad.
-goal was to set out and impose authority of medical Christianity on the Holy Land and
not succeeding
1) political impact
2) intellectual impact
4 unintended consequences
3) economic impact
4) social impact
Are you going to start being skeptical when the Pope issues yet another call for a Holy
Crusade for which you have to pony up the troops and the money? YES
1) political impact ~ increasing conflict between church and state, between Pope and king.
~It increases the tension between religious and secular power. (this needs to happen
cuz in modern world power of church needs to be brought down)
Knights came into contact with rediscovery of Greek learning
~the period that we know as the Renaissance is a rebirth of knowledge of the classical
2) intellectual impact
world, and for that rebirth to happen, these books had to be discovered and make their
way back into Europe.
They entered into European cuisine at the end of the Middle Ages and this led to new
trade routes for things like spices, new textiles, new dyes—things that you can buy and
3) economic impact sell
-knights came into contact with these new spices in the Arabic culture (trading=more
wealth)
merchant class going to emerge during the late medieval society: merchant class, ppl
who do the buying and selling (know them as the middle class)
-single most imp development in understanding the rise of the modern world
4) social impact
~see two middle class revolutions: American Revolution (no taxation without
representation)
-French revolution of 1789
-horrible time to live in the western world
Fourteenth century -overpopulation lead to problems of how to feed ppl and then at beginning of
century-had a drought which brings famine-kills 10% of pop.
along with all this trading of spices and textiles-brought bubonic plague
~the skin would blacken.
-very painful, horrifying, terrifying, quick way to die ~this disease had entered from the
Black Death or bubonic plague
fleas on the rats that came into the port cities of Italy primarily
-killed 1/3rd of population (100 million Americans dying in about a 2-3 yr period)
~an entire culture suddenly being faced with a massive challenge to its worldview
Paradigms are grammatical sets you learn when you study a foreign language. (you
study paradigms of how to conjugate a verb)
~The first person singular, second person singular, third person singular, etc.
Paradigm
~That's a conjugation, a paradigm
~It tells you to add an ending to it, to add an -s to the verb: he/she/ it sings. We sing,
you sing, they sing. That's a paradigm in its most basic sense
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