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NR 324 : Exam 1 Study Guide; Chapter 17: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances (Latest) A+
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NR 324 : Exam 1 Study Guide; Chapter 17: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances (Latest) A+
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Low moodWeight loss
Low energy
Muscle wasting
Increased risk of fractures
Impact of malnutrition Increased risk of hospital admissions
Confusion
Infections
Reduced independence
Increased risk for falls
Reduced mobility
Type 2 DM
Dyslipidemia
Cancer
Mood disorders
Risks associated with obesity
Heart disease
Reproductive disorders
Liver disease
Hypertension
(POOPER SCOOP)
Position (upright, sitting)
Outpput (adequate hydration)
Offer fluids
Privacy
Exercise
Promotion of normal elimination Report results
Size (amount)
Consistency
Occult blood
Odor
Peristalsis
Fresh fruit
Foods that prevent constipation
Whole wheat toast
Hypotension
Expected findings with prolonged diarrhea Elevated temperature
Poor skin turgor
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
GERD
Acid splashing in esophagus, burning tissue
Obesity
Smoking
Risks for GERD Pregnancy
Drinking alcohol
Acidic foods
Gastric reflux Lower esophageal sphincter open allowing acid reflux
Heart burn
Abdominal cramping
GERD ssx
Nausea/vomiting
Tooth decay
, Foods difficult to digest
Gas forming foods
GMO foods
Things that relax LES (spicy, acidic, ETOH)
Refined carbohydrates
GERD trigger foods
Food additives
Acid containing foods
Mint
Sugar alcohols
Too much sugar
Eliminate symptoms
Heal esophageal mucosa
Goals for tx of GERD
Maintain remission for a lifetime
Manage or prevent complications
Sit patient up during and after meals
Tums/Antacids
Nursing care for GERD
H2 receptor blockers
PPIs
Tums/Antacids Neutralize pH
Pepcid
H2 receptor blockers
Decreases acid production
Blocks proton pumps to block acid
PPIs
Stronger than H2 receptor blocker
Avoid triggers
GERD education Eat small frequent meals and not before bed
Untreated can lead to permanent damage
Expected finding for a patient with GERD Loss of tooth enamel
Stress
H. Pylori
Risk factors for PUD
Alcohol
Smoking
Most common
Well nourished
Duodenal ulcers
Pain 2-3 hours after eating
Food main decrease pain
Physiological stress shock
Stress ulcers Cushing's ulcer - brain injury
Cushing's ulcer - extensive burns
Weight loss
HCL normal or hyposecretion
Gastric ulcers Pain 1/2-1 hr after meals
Vomiting
Eating main increase pain
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