HKIN 191 Midterm Study Guide Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+
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Carbohydrates - Macronutrients providing energy, covered up to the lecture.
Homeostasis - The body's tendency to maintain internal stability, crucial for resting conditions.
Pulse Wave Velocity - Measure of aortal stiffness, calculated using distance and time, with a cut-off
between 9.9 - 13.0 m/s.
Preload - Volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole, increased in hypervolemia and
regurgitation.
Afterload - Resistance the left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood, increased in hypertension and
vasoconstriction.
Systole - Period of contraction of the ventricles of the heart, used to measure aortal compliance and
stiffness.
Diastole - Period of relaxation in the ventricles, involving passive and active filling of the heart with
blood.
Arterial Stiffness - Rigidity of blood vessels increasing reverb back to the heart, leading to higher blood
pressure.
Arterial Compliance - Ability of the blood vessel wall to expand and contract passively with changes in
pressure, calculated by change in Volume by change in Pressure.
Perfusion Pressure - The pressure from the arterial side to the venous side of the vessel.
Transmural Pressure - The pressure difference across the vessel wall.
, Left Ventricle - Part of the heart responsible for inducing blood flow through the body and allowing it to
fill up with more blood.
Aorta - The opening in the heart through which oxygenated blood flows out from the left ventricle.
Tonometer - Instrument for measuring the pressure of blood vessels.
Carotid Artery - Major artery in the neck where the pulse can be felt.
Femoral Artery - Major artery supplying blood to the legs through the hip.
Anatomy - The structure of the body, the individual parts separated.
Physiology - The study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms.
Exercise Physiology - Addresses short-term responses of the body to stress caused by physical activity
and the adaptability of the body relative to physical activity.
Sedentary Physiology - The study of deleterious health outcomes from the lack of moderate to physical
activity.
Physical Activity - Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles resulting in energy expenditure,
usually related to physical fitness.
Exercise - Planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement aimed at improving or maintaining
physical fitness.
Sport - Subset of exercise undertaken individually or as part of a team, adhering to a common set of
rules or expectations.
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