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MICRO EXAM 4 UTA PARKS | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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MICRO EXAM 4 UTA PARKS | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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MICRO EXAM 4 UTA PARKS | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded |100% Verified
characteristics of infectious disease - -disease
-infection
-signs and symptoms
-syndrome
-signs and symptoms help direct towards diagnosis
-some patients are asymptomatic/subclinical = only signs can be observed thru correct testing
*ex: patient w/herpes and no symptoms
disease - -a condition where normal structure and/or function are damaged or impaired
infection - -invasion of pathogen or parasite that lead to disease
-evidence for infection comes from signs and symptoms
signs - -things that can be directly measured by clinician
-ex blood cell counts
symptoms - -things felt by patient that cannot be clinically measured
-ex nausea
syndrome - -groups of signs and symptoms that help indicate a particular disease
classification of disease - -WHO's international classification of diseases (IDC) is used globally to classify
and monitor diseases
-diseases can be: infectious, communicable, iatrogenic, nosocomial, zoonotic, non-communicable, and
non-infectious
infectious disease - -disease caused by direct effect of a pathogen
,communicable disease - -capable of spreading person-to-person (contagious - easily spead)
iatrogenic disease - -disease acquired as result of medical procedure
nosocomial disease - -disease acquired from a hospital environment
zoonotic disease - -disease acquired from an animal
non-communicable disease - -disease obtained from non-living thing such as soil or contaminated object
non-infectious disease - -disease not caused by pathogen
periods/stages of disease - -infectious disease follow 5 stages
1. incubation
2. prodromal
3. illness
4. decline
5. convalescence
incubation stage of disease - -initial entry of pathogen
-replication begins
prodromal stage of disease - -replication continues
-host shows signs and symptoms
illness stage of disease - -signs and symptoms are most severe in host
decline stage of disease - -pathogen number start to decrease
, -host's immune system is weak and vulnerable to secondary infection
convalescence stage of disease - -host starts to recover
acute vs. chronic disease - -illness period can be variable
-acute disease
-chronic disease
-latent disease
acute disease - -relatively short
-hours, days, week
chronic disease - -longer time
-month, years, lifetime
latent disease - -comes in episodes
-pathogen replicates when disease is active
Koch's postulates - -set of standards that must be met to demonstrate that X pathogen causes X disease
-developed 1884 and still used today
1. the suspected pathogen must be found in every case of disease and not to be found in healthy
individuals
2. the suspected pathogen can be isolated and grown in pure culture
3. a healthy test subject infected with the suspected pathogen must develop the same signs and
symptoms of disease as seen in postulate 1
4. the pathogen must be re-isolated from the new host and must be identical to the pathogen from
postulate 2
Koch's (wrong) assumptions - 1. pathogens are found ONLY in disease individuals
2. all subjects are equally susceptible to infection
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