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NSG 316 Exam 3 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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NSG 316 Exam 3 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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NSG 316 Exam 3 | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded |100% Verified
Myocardium - heart muscle that surrounds ventricles and atrium
Atria are thinner as they need to pump less strong
pericardium - external layer that protects heart from injury/infection
endocardium - 3 layered membrane that lines heart chambers
blockage of coronary arteries can lead to - heart attack or stroke
heart failure - increased pressure of cardiac overload
-pulm congestion
-inc amount of blood in pulm capillaries
Left sided heart failure - dyspnea/SOB, pulmonary edema
right sided heart failure - blood back up in the periphery and will present with edema
cardiomegaly - abnormal enlargement of the heart due to over working to compensate for decreased
function
frequency - high pitched or low pitched
what should you use the diaphragm of a stethoscope for - high pitched, normal sounds
what should you use the bell of a stethoscope for - low pitched, abnormal heart sounds, murmurs
intensity/loudness - loud or soft
,duration - short heart sounds, or silent periods
timing - systole or diastole
carotid artery/pulse - found in the neck. feel one at a time. S1 is felt
what is the most diminished pulse in the aging adult - pedal pulse
normal heart sounds - S1 and S2
S1 heart sound - -occurs with closure of mitral and tricuspid valves (AV valve)
-"lub" sound
-loudest at apex (5th intercostal space at midclavicular line)
S2 heart sound - -occurs with closure of aortic and pulmonic valves (semilunar valves)
-"dub" sound
-loudest at base of heart (2nd intercostal space)
abnormal heart sounds - S3 and S4 sounds, murmurs, and bruits
S3 heart sounds - -not usually heard
-gallop sound
-indication of HF
-occurs with ventricular resistance of filling
S4 heart sounds - -create vibrations
-can be heard right before S1 sound
-occurs at end of diastole when ventricles resist filling
, murmurs - -from turbulent blood flow
-heard directly over heart
-gentle blowing/swooshing sound
murmur loudness scale - 1-3: no thrill
4: feel thrill
5-6: feel and hear thrill
5: hear thrill through stethoscope
6: can hear thrill without stethoscope
timing of murmur - early, middle, late, systole/diastole (S1/S2)
murmur pitch - high, medium, low
murmur pattern - grows louder or softer
murmur quality - musical, flowing, harsh
murmur location - valve/space it is heard at
murmur radiation - down with blood flow
murmur posture - disappear/enhance with different pos.
systolic murmur - -heard in between S1 and S2
-Mitral/Tricuspid stenosis/regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse
diastolic murmur - -heard between S2 and S1
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