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Nur 195 Test 1 Study Guide | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Nur 195 Test 1 Study Guide | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Nur 195 Test 1 Study Guide | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded |100% Verified
What is assessed when ABG's are measured? - bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system (extracellular
buffer system)
Respirations requires concert of which three things? - -Ventilation: Movement of air from the
atmosphere to the alveoli [the functional unit of the lung]
-Diffusion: Exchange of oxygen [O2] and carbon dioxide [CO2] at the alveolar-capillary membrane
-Perfusion: Blood flow
The larynx consists of: - Epiglottis: A valve flap of cartilage (lid-like structure) that covers the entrance to
the larynx during swallowing; it is essential to prevent aspiration (inhalation of food or fluid into the
lungs)
Glottis: The opening between the vocal cords in the larynx
Thyroid cartilage: The largest of the cartilage structures; it can be felt anteriorly as the "Adam's apple"
Vocal cords: Ligaments controlled by muscular movements that produce sounds; located in the lumen of
the larynx
Stimulus for surfactant production is thought to be related to maximum deep ________ sustained for a
few seconds or sighing, in which a person's normal tidal volume (normal breath of approximately 500
mL) is _________ one to three times what is normal. - inspiration, increased
With ___________, the diaphragm and intercostals recoil, which increases the _____________
______________ over ____________ ___________ so that ______ are expelled from the lung. -
expiration, intrapulmonary pressure, atmospheric pressure, gases
External respiration requires three processes: - (1) ventilation, the act of breathing (inspiration and
expiration)
(2) perfusion, blood flow to the alveoli, so that gases can be exchanged
(3) diffusion, movement of gases from a higher area of concentration to a lower area across the
alveolar-capillary membrane.
, If the patient's FEV1 and forced vital capacity are reduced proportionately: - maximal lung expansion is
restricted in some way.
Diffusion - is the process by which O2 and CO2 are exchanged at the air-blood interface.
A silent unit - (a combination of shunting and dead-space ventilation) occurs when little or no ventilation
and perfusion are present, such as in acute respiratory distress syndrome.
The silent unit indicates an absence of ventilation and perfusion to the lung area.
Inspiratory capacity (3600) mL - The maximum volume of air inhaled after normal expiration IC = Tidal
Vol + Inspiratory Reserve Vol (A decrease in inspiratory capacity may indicate restrictive disease; may
also be decreased in obesity)
Common phenomena that may alter bronchial diameter, which affects airway resistance, include the
following: - -Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle—as in asthma
-Thickening of bronchial mucosa—as in chronic bronchitis
-Obstruction of the airway—by mucus, a tumor, or a foreign body
-Loss of lung elasticity—as in emphysema, which is characterized by connective tissue encircling the
airways, thereby keeping them open during both inspiration and expiration
Normal pH range - 7.35-7.45
Acidic pH - less than 7
Basic pH - 8-14
Plasma pH is an indicator of what? - Hydrogen
respiratory acidosis - -A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a resulting
accumulation of Co2.
-Low pH, high CO2
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