Exam (elaborations)
ASD class topic 1 Questions and Answers 2024
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Exam of 6 pages for the course asd at asd (ASD class topic 1)
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ASD class topic 1Classification systems of ASD - answer Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM), International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Individuals with
Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
DSM - answer Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- only in the US,
used by clinicians and researchers, gives us a tool to be on the same page
ICD - answer International Classification of Diseases- from WHO, has childhood autism
and atypical autism
IDEA - answer autism not added until 1990, just having autism does not qualify you for
services, states have different eligibility criteria
Why classify? - answer to determine outcomes of research (for defining study groups);
for parents (and individuals) who are eager to understand the behavior of their child
DSM-4 old umbrella - answer pervasive developmental disorders- had autism, PDD-
NOS, Asperger Syndrome, Rett Syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder - answer1) persistent deficits
in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts (must have
three currently or by history, must specify severity) 2) restricted, repetitive patterns of
behavior, interests, or activities (must have two currently or by history, must specify
severity) 3
DSM-5 primary changes - answerPDD is now termed Autism Spectrum Disorder; Single
diagnosis of ASD (but includes better ways to capture level of language, adaptive
skills,IQ, etc.- specifiers and severity); 2 core diagnostic domains- social and
communication combined into 1 domain
DSM-5 domain- social communication and social interaction - answer1)a- deficits in
social-emotional reciprocity, ranging from abnormal social approach and failure of
normal back and forth conversation, to reduced sharing of interests, emotions, or affect,
to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions
b- deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, ranging
from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication to abnormalities in eye
contact and body language or deficits in understanding use of gestures to a total lack of
facial expressions and nonverbal communication
, c- deficits in developing maintaining and understanding relationships ranging from
difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts to difficulties in sharing
imaginative play or in making friends to absence of interest in peers
DSM-5 domain- restricted, repetitive patterns - answer2a- stereotyped or repetitive
motor movements, use objects, or speech
b-insistence on sameness,inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns or
verbal nonverbal behavior
c- highly restricted fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus
d- hyper or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of
the environment
DSM-5 for ASD diagnosis symptoms... - answermust be present in the early
developmental period, symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social,
occupational, or other important areas of current functioning, disturbances are not better
explained by intellectual disability (should rate child against a child with same mental
age not chronological age
Severity levels of ASD - answerseverity levels are specified for both social
communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors- can have different levels for
different domains; level 3- requiring very substantial support; level 2- requiring
substantial support; level 1- requiring support; the problem with these scales are their
subjectivity and the child presents differently with the support he or she is already
receiving
DSM-5 criteria specify if... - answerwith or without accompanying ID, accompanying
language impairment, associated with a know medical or genetic condition or
environmental factor, associated with another neurodevelopmental, mental, or
behavioral disorder
Autism as a developmental disorder - answerautism symptoms change over time with
the influence of various developmental factors, autism is affected by development at the
same time that autism affects development, experiences of individuals with autism
differs from others such as the course of development is changed
social (pragmatic) communication disorder - answernew diagnostic category, under
communication disorder in neurodevelopmental disorders section, deficits in using
communication for social purposes (in a manner that is appropriate for social context),
impairment of the ability to change communication to match context or the needs of the
listener (like avoiding use of overly formal language), difficulties following rules for
conversation and storytelling (taking turns in convo, rephrasing when misunderstood,
use of verbal and nonverbal signals), difficulties understanding what is not explicity
stated and nonliteral or ambiguous language;onset of symptoms in early development,
not attributable to another medical or neuro condition, deficits result in functional
limitations in effective communication
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