Beginning of medicine always trying to make people feel better, became smaller when witch hunting grew
Hippocrates greek, greatest thinker of early medicine, examined only things that are observable, wanted to explain medicine through observations not spirits, humoral theory
Humoral. theory four ...
BBH 101 Quiz 1 Questions and Correct
Answers
Beginning of medicine ✅always trying to make people feel better, became smaller
when witch hunting grew
Hippocrates ✅greek, greatest thinker of early medicine, examined only things that are
observable, wanted to explain medicine through observations not spirits, humoral theory
Humoral. theory ✅four fluids (humors) in the body- blood, yellow and black bile,
phlegm- health is how well the 4 are balanced, led to bloodletting
Bloodletting ✅withdrawal of blood to cure a disease
Humoral medicine ✅balance of emotions, passions, sanity, hot/cold and morality, still
used today (ex. eating hot things when you are cold)
Galen ✅a greek physician in roman empire, influenced by hippocrates (used
observations), made pharmacology, documented wounds while treating roman
gladiators, learned by dissecting through vivisection
Pharmacology ✅medicine that balanced humors
Vivisection ✅dissecting animals while they are still alive
Robert Hooke ✅first observations of cells- used to form cell theory
Anton Van Leeuwennek ✅replicated robert hooke's experiments, first microbiologist
Cell theory ✅all living organisms are made up of cells, most fundamental unit of life-
developed by Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden
Miasma theory ✅diseases are spread by miasma (bad air), proposed by Galen to
explain spread of diseases
Miasma ✅created when decomposing organic matter spreads particles in the air
Louis Pasteur ✅French chemist and microbiologist that helped shape microorganisms
to be spreading diseases, argued spontaneous generation, devised pasteurization
method and created the idea of germ theory
, Spontaneous generation ✅living organisms come from nonliving material~ ex.
maggots formed from nothing on meat
Pasteurization ✅use of high temperatures to prevent spoilage of beverages
Germ theory ✅disease can be caused by microorganisms, caused by germs- invisible
but discrete identifiable organisms (clear target)
Edward Jenner ✅created a vaccine for smallpox using inoculation
Inoculation ✅Injecting a person with a small dose of a virus to help him or her build up
defenses to a disease
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu ✅introduced inoculation to London
Anna Wessels Williams ✅Isolated a strain of diphtheria and used to develop anti-toxin
and vaccine, first woman to be elected chair of American Public Health Association
Alexander Flemming ✅developed penicillin- class of compounds so isolation led to
multiple antibiotic drugs
Why do some antibiotics become ineffective over time? ✅Bacteria become resistant
and develop to overcome the factors that the antibiotic attacks
Biomedical Model ✅suggest illness is generally attributable to some biological cause,
most likely a pathogen like a bacteria, virus or parasite- some diseases are caused by
pathogens, but not all
Problems with biomedical model ✅this was successful due to vaccines and antibiotics
back in the day, but now we know that some diseases are caused by pathogens but not
all- psychological stress, environmental exposures, historical inequities, culture, religion
and behavior
Biobehavioral model ✅recognizes there are factors playing a role in someone's health-
includes biological, psychological, sociological, and cultural factors
PSU definition of BBM ✅look at health issues in an integrated way through biological,
behavioral, social, cultural and environmental factors
Wellness ✅process of actively making choices to achieve optimal health versus the
multidimensional concepts of well-being associated with health
Illness-Wellness Continuum ✅scale that shows health- middle point is no wellness or
illness (where most people fall)
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