TNCC 8th edition Questions and
answers | Latest 2024/25
The major cause of preventable death after injury - Uncontrolled hemorrhage
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The best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps to predict the outcome
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of resuscitation - Base deficit
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Examples of primary blast injuries - Blast lung, ruptured tympanic membrane, TBI,
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abdominal hemorrhage
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II Examples of secondary blast injuries - Wounds from debris and bomb fragments
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Examples of tertiary blast injuries - Blunt or penetrating trauma from the body being
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thrown by the blast
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Examples of quaternary blast injuries - Injuries or illness related to explosion: burns,
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toxic injury from chemicals
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Examples of quinary blast injuries - Injuries associated with exposure to hazardous
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materials from the components of the blast
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Questions to ask for airway assessment (need 4) - Is the tongue obstructing?
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Are there any foreign objects?
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Is there any edema?
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Are there loose or missing teeth?
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Is there snoring, gurgling, or stridor?
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Is there bony deformity?
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Is there blood, vomit, or secretions?
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Questions to ask during breathing assessment. (Need 4) - Is there symmetrical chest
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rise?
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Is there spontaneous breathing?
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Is there tracheal deviation or JVD?
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What is their skin color? II II II II
Are there open wounds or deformities in the chest?
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What's the depth, pattern, and rate of respirations?
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Is there increased work of breathing?
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Are breath sounds present and equal?
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3 ways to assess ETT placement - 1. Apply end tidal, assess CO2 after 5-6 breaths
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2. Assess for symmetrical chest wall rise and fall
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3. Auscultation over the epigastrium for gurgling and bilateral breath sounds.
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