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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (Sher path) Questions with Accurate Answers
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (Sherpath)
Behaviors associated with ASD include - answerStereotypical repetitive speech
Use of unusual objects
Strict adherence to routines
Fixation with particular objects
Hypo- or hyper-reactivity to sensory input
Extreme resistance to change
Genetic causes - answerhat have been linked to ASD include rubella in the pregnant
mother, tuberous sclerosis, and Fragile X syndrome
Possible metabolic factors include - answeroxidative stress and metabolic impairment.
Other possible causes include encephalitis and untreated phenylketonuria (PKU).
Environmental factor - answerthat could be a cause of ASD includes parental exposure
to the chemicals thalidomide and valproic acid.
Identical twins - answerare more likely to be affected than fraternal twins. In a family
with one autistic child, the chance of having another autistic child is one in 20 (5
percent), which is much higher than in the non-affected population.
Epidemiology - answerAutism is three to four times higher in boys than girls and has no
racial, ethnic, or social boundaries
It has also been noted that girls with autism have more severe intellectual disability than
boys.
Arrested social skills (clinical manifestation) - answerare due to a lack of understanding
about social cues. The child may withdraw and show low interest in others, or no
reciprocity of attention.
Speech and language delays (Clinical Manifestation) - answerexist with some children
having no speech ability at all. Pitch and intonation are different with repetition of words
or phrases. Facial expressions may be limited or flat.
Narrow interests and repetitive (Clinical Manifestation) - answerbehaviors are exhibited
by a preoccupation with mechanical objects or numbers.
Symptoms of these behavioral problems include: - answerHyperactivity
, Short attention span
Impulsivity
Aggressiveness
Self-injurious behaviors
Temper tantrums
Abnormal eating patterns
Disturbed sleeping patterns
Children with ASD also demonstrate stereotypic motor - answeractivities, such as:
Clapping/flapping of hands
Spinning
Rocking
Swaying
Walking on tiptoes
Exhibiting odd postures
Using strange hand movements
These patients may also exhibit: - answerFascination with revolving objects (revolving
ceiling fan, revolving door)
Intense attention to how things work (turning a light switch on and off, opening and
closing doors or drawers)
Preoccupation with non-significant objects (buttons, zippers)
Attachment to unusual objects (rubber band, piece of string) over typical objects (teddy
bear, doll)
These children ASD - answerprefer to be alone and do not engage in play with peers.
Sensory Problems - answerSensory signals are disorganized causing abnormal
responses, such as lack of fear in a dangerous situation or excessive fear in non-
harmful situations.
These children have a high pain threshold and may exhibit head banging or self-biting.
also overly sensitive to odors, noise, light, and color, and may exhibit an exaggerated
response to these. Eating foods that have a displeasing texture or wearing clothing that
is scratchy may cause great distress.
Communication Problems - answerSpeech problems include abnormal:
pitch
intonation
rhythm
These patients may speak in a monotone, use an inappropriate sing-song pitch and
rhythm, or use a questioning tone when speaking declarative sentences.
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