HMX Physiology Questions With 100% Correct
Solutions
Patm 760 mm Hg (mercury)
PN2 (partial pressure of nitrogen in air) Patm * PN2 (760 * 0.78) = 592.8 mm Hg
PO2 (partial pressure of oxygen in air) Patm * PO2 (760 * 0.21) = 160 mm Hg
Alveolus tiny air sacs of lungs which allow for rapid gas exchange
Atmospheric pressure pressure exerted by weight of atmosphere
Boyle's Law P x V = k. Inverse relationship between pressure and volume for fixed amount of gas
at constant temperature. Pressure * Volume = Constant K
Capillaries tiny, branching blood vessels that form a network between arterioles and venules
Hemoglobin (Hgb) protein in blood cell that binds O2. Normal level: 12 g/dL. iron rich protein that
helps RBCs carry O2 from lungs to rest of body. 1g of Hgb carries 1.39 mL
Partial Pressure pressure that would be exerted by one of the gases in a mixture if it occupied the
same volume on its own
,Partial pressure of a gas dissolved in liquid = partial pressure in air above water
Pgas = Fgas (friction of gas) x Ptotal
Dalton's law Ptotal = P1 + ... + Pn. In a mix of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted = sum
of partial pressures of individual gases
Total Oxygen in Blood = O2 dissolved + O2 bound to hemoglobin
Kidneys conserve water, filter toxins or byproducts of metabolism, getting rid of excess dietary
fluid and salt
Concentration gradient gradual change in concentration of solutes present in a solution between
2 regions
Dialysate part of mixture which passes through membrane in dialysis. Solution of pure water,
electrolytes, and salt, like bicarbonate and sodium
Dialysis kidney process of removing waste products and excess fluid from body
Edema puffiness caused by excess fluid trapped in body's tissues. Increased hydrostatic pressure,
decreased oncotic pressure
, extracellular space intravascular + intrastitial space. 1/3 of body.
glomerulus cluster of nerve endings, spores, or small blood vessels (cluster of capillaries around
end of kidney tubule), where waste products are filtered from blood
hydrostatic force/pressure fluid pressure. water moves from high hydrostatic pressure to low
hydrostatic pressure
interstitial pressure surrounds tissue cells. filled with fluid.
intravascular space blood vessels. 1/3 of body fluid in extracellular is in here
intracellular space space within organism's cells. 2/3 of total body water of humans found here
oncotic force/pressure osmotic consequence of having a differential concentration of protein
across the wall of a capillary
osmotic force/pressure water moves from areas of low solute concentration to areas of high
solute concentration. Difference in concentration. Fluid movement across cell walls.
Renal/kidney tubule conveys urine from glomeruli to renal pelvis in vertebrate kidney
semi-permeable membrane biological membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass
through it by diffusion
Solutions
Patm 760 mm Hg (mercury)
PN2 (partial pressure of nitrogen in air) Patm * PN2 (760 * 0.78) = 592.8 mm Hg
PO2 (partial pressure of oxygen in air) Patm * PO2 (760 * 0.21) = 160 mm Hg
Alveolus tiny air sacs of lungs which allow for rapid gas exchange
Atmospheric pressure pressure exerted by weight of atmosphere
Boyle's Law P x V = k. Inverse relationship between pressure and volume for fixed amount of gas
at constant temperature. Pressure * Volume = Constant K
Capillaries tiny, branching blood vessels that form a network between arterioles and venules
Hemoglobin (Hgb) protein in blood cell that binds O2. Normal level: 12 g/dL. iron rich protein that
helps RBCs carry O2 from lungs to rest of body. 1g of Hgb carries 1.39 mL
Partial Pressure pressure that would be exerted by one of the gases in a mixture if it occupied the
same volume on its own
,Partial pressure of a gas dissolved in liquid = partial pressure in air above water
Pgas = Fgas (friction of gas) x Ptotal
Dalton's law Ptotal = P1 + ... + Pn. In a mix of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted = sum
of partial pressures of individual gases
Total Oxygen in Blood = O2 dissolved + O2 bound to hemoglobin
Kidneys conserve water, filter toxins or byproducts of metabolism, getting rid of excess dietary
fluid and salt
Concentration gradient gradual change in concentration of solutes present in a solution between
2 regions
Dialysate part of mixture which passes through membrane in dialysis. Solution of pure water,
electrolytes, and salt, like bicarbonate and sodium
Dialysis kidney process of removing waste products and excess fluid from body
Edema puffiness caused by excess fluid trapped in body's tissues. Increased hydrostatic pressure,
decreased oncotic pressure
, extracellular space intravascular + intrastitial space. 1/3 of body.
glomerulus cluster of nerve endings, spores, or small blood vessels (cluster of capillaries around
end of kidney tubule), where waste products are filtered from blood
hydrostatic force/pressure fluid pressure. water moves from high hydrostatic pressure to low
hydrostatic pressure
interstitial pressure surrounds tissue cells. filled with fluid.
intravascular space blood vessels. 1/3 of body fluid in extracellular is in here
intracellular space space within organism's cells. 2/3 of total body water of humans found here
oncotic force/pressure osmotic consequence of having a differential concentration of protein
across the wall of a capillary
osmotic force/pressure water moves from areas of low solute concentration to areas of high
solute concentration. Difference in concentration. Fluid movement across cell walls.
Renal/kidney tubule conveys urine from glomeruli to renal pelvis in vertebrate kidney
semi-permeable membrane biological membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass
through it by diffusion
