Class notes
Path 370 Week 3 Exam Preparatory Notes
- Course
- PATH 370
- Institution
- West Coast University
This is a comprehensive and detailed note on week 3, great for exam prep. *Essential!! *For you!!
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
1❖ Chap 16: Alterations in BP
➢ Principles of Flow
■ Different Pressure Gradients
● Left ventricle (SBP) and right atria (DBP)
● Pressure inside of capillary and the interstitial tissues
❖ Endema can be caused by
➢ Increased capillary pressure
■ Congestions of vein and/or right heart
➢ Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
■ Low albumin
● Caused
◆ liver disease
◆ Kidney disease
➢ Differences
Direct Measure of BP ❖ Requires intraarterial catheter and specialized
equipment to transduce arterial fluid pulsation
into electrical signals (waveforms)
❖ Catheters commonly placed in radial artery
❖ Most accurate method of measuring BP
Indirect Measure of BP ❖ Requires technique to ensure accuracy
❖ Commonly measured via brachial artery using
stethoscope and sphygmomanometer or
automated oscillometric system
❖ Auscultation of Korotkoff sounds (indication for
each sound?)
, 2
➢ Systolic pressure (SBP): onset of k
sounds
➢ DIastolic pressure (DBP): disappearance
of K sounds
❖ White coat effect
❖ Elderly: auscultatory gap (period of diminished or
absent K sounds during the manual
measurement of BP)
Determinants of systemic BP (SBP and DBP) ❖ Cardiac output and resistance to ejection of
blood from the heart
➢ CO=SV(stroke volume) x HR
➢ End diastolic volume = preload
■ Amount of blood returned to heart
➢ Systemic vascular resistance
(SVR,afterload) is determined by the
radius of arteries and degree of vessel
compliance
❖ Long-term/short term factors affect BP by
altering CO, preload and or afterload
➢ Understand how- will help understand the
medication usages
Mechanisms of BP regulation ❖ Short-term regulation of systemic blood
pressure-SNS**
➢ Changes in BP are mediated through
activation of the sympathetic nervous
system
■ Epinephrine and norepinephrine
(how?which receptors)
● PNS: slow Heart beat and
contractility
❖ Long-term reg bp 1
➢ sodium/water
■ increased blood fluid volume
■ Increased preload and afterload
➢ renin(kidney)
■ angiotensin(liver)
■ aldosterone(adrenal gland)
system
■ RAAS system
➢ Atrium natiruetic peptide/brain natriuetic
peptide
■ Decreased body fluid volume
, 3
● Decreased preload and
afterload
➢ Renin
■ Angiotensin
■ Aldosterone system (RAAS) =
important regulator of BP
● Juxtagolular cells when
stim by low arterial
pressure release renin
◆ Activates
angiotensinogen to
angiotensin I
● Angiotensin i when in
contact with ACE activates
angiotensin II
◆ 1. A potent
vasoconstrictor
(afterload)
◆ 2 stim release of
aldosterone
◆ 3. Remodify the
myocardial
cells--hypertrophy
● Aldosterone, a hormone
causes reabsorption of
sodium and water
passively follow/preload
❖ Long-term reg of Systemic BP 2
➢ Atrial natriuretic peptides/ANP and brain
NP
■ Cause kidneys to increase
sodium and water excretion by
increasing the glomerular filtration
rate
● Result in decreased
◆ Preload
◆ BP
◆ DBP
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller anyiamgeorge19. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79789 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now