Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 38 Medication Administration and Safety for Infants and Children
- Course
- Nursing
- Institution
- University At Buffalo
Chapter 38 Medication Administration and Safety for Infants and Children
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Chapter 38: Medication Administration and Safety for Infants and ChildrenTest Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What should the nurse use to prepare liquid medication in volumes less than 5 mL?
a. Calibrated syringe
b. Paper measuring cup
c. Plastic measuring cup
d. Household teaspoon
ANS: A
Feedback
A To ensure accuracy, a calibrated syringe without a needle should be used to
prepare a liquid dosage less than 5 mL.
B Paper measuring cups are not calibrated for liquid volumes less than 5 mL.
C A liquid volume less than 5 mL cannot be measured accurately in a plastic
measuring cup.
D A household teaspoon is not accurate enough to measure small amounts of
medication.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 954
OBJ: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity
2. Which food is appropriate to mix with medication?
a. Formula or milk
b. Applesauce
c. Syrup
d. Orange juice
ANS: B
Feedback
A Formula and milk are essential foods in a child’s diet. Medications may alter
their flavor and cause the child to avoid them in the future.
B To prevent the child from developing a negative association with an essential
food, a nonessential food such as applesauce is best for mixing with medications.
C Syrup is not used to mix with medications because of its high sugar content.
D Orange juice is considered an essential food; therefore the nurse should not mix
medications with it.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 954
OBJ: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity
3. Which physiologic difference affects the absorption of oral medications administered to a 3-
month-old infant?
, a. More rapid peristaltic activity
b. More acidic gastric secretions
c. Usually more rapid gastric emptying
d. Variable pancreatic enzyme activity
ANS: D
Feedback
A Infants up to 8 months of age tend to have prolonged motility. The longer the
intestinal transit time, the more medication is absorbed.
B The gastric secretions of infants are less acidic than in older children or adults.
C Gastric emptying is usually slower in infants.
D Pancreatic enzyme activity is variable in infants for the first 3 months of life as
the gastrointestinal system matures. Medications that require specific enzymes
for dissolution and absorption might not be digested to a form suitable for
intestinal action.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 950
OBJ: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity
4. Which factor should the nurse remember when administering topical medication to an infant
as compared with an adolescent?
a. Infants require a larger dosage because of a greater body surface area.
b. Infants have a thinner stratum corneum that absorbs more medication.
c. Infants have a smaller percentage of muscle mass.
d. The skin of infants is less sensitive to allergic reactions.
ANS: B
Feedback
A A similar dose of a topical medication administered to an infant compared with
an adult is approximately three times greater in the infant because of the greater
body surface area.
B Infants and young children have a thinner outer skin layer (stratum corneum),
which increases the absorption of topical medication.
C The smaller muscle mass in infants affects site selection for injected
medications, but should not affect administration of topical medications.
D The young child’s skin is more prone to irritation, making contact dermatitis and
other allergic reactions more common.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 950
OBJ: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity
5. What is the appropriate nursing response to a parent who asks, “What should I do if my child
cannot take a tablet?”
a. “You can crush the tablet and put it in some food.”
b. “Find out if the medication is available in a liquid form.”
c. “If the child can’t swallow the tablet, tell the child to chew it.”
d. “Let me show you how to get your child to swallow tablets.”
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