KAISER EKG EXAM LATEST 2024-2025 COMPLETE
350 DETAILED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
automaticity - ANSWER-ability of pacemaker cells to initiate electrical impulse
excitability - ANSWER-ability of muscle cells to respond to outside stimulus
conductivity - ANSWER-ability to recieve electrical stimulus and conduct impulse to adjacent
cells
contraction - ANSWER-cardiac cells shorten = muscular contraction in response to electrical
stimulus
sa node - ANSWER-- primary pacemaker of heart
- 60-90 bpm
av node - ANSWER-delay = atrial contraction + ventricular filling
- 40-60 bpm
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bundle of his - ANSWER-ability to self initiate electrical activity
- 40-60 bpm
purkinje fibers - ANSWER-network of fibers that carry electrical impulse to ventricular muscle
cells
- 20-40 bpm
NSR
Brady
Tachy
SVT
Junctional
Ventricular rhythm - ANSWER-NSR 60-100
Brady 40-60
Tachy >100
SVT >150
Junctional 40-60
Ventricular rhythm 20 - 40
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PR interval - ANSWER-0.12-0.20
beginning of p to beginning of qrs
qrs interval - ANSWER-< 0.12
beginning of q to end of s
qt interval - ANSWER-beginning of q to end of t
- heart rate dependent
depolarization - ANSWER-- inside of cell becomes positive, outside negative
- contraction
- na+ channel opens
- ELECTRICAL
repolarization - ANSWER-movement of cells = inside is negative again
- na+ channels close, k+ channels open
- MECHANICAL
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p wave
qrs wave
t wave - ANSWER-- (p) atrial depolarization
- (qrs) ventricular depolarization
- (t) ventricular repolarization
refractory period - ANSWER-per of time where cardiac cells cannot respond to stimulus
absolute refractory period - ANSWER-beginning of qrs to peak of t wave
relative refractory (vulnerable per of repolarization) - ANSWER-- cardiac cells have repolarized
enough to respond to strong stimulus
- during this per a strong stimulus may overtake the pacemaker of the heart
- ex. PVC during vulnerable period may turn into vtach or torsades
- prolonged QT interval inc possibility
causes of prolonged qt intervals - ANSWER-haldol, bradycardia, hypokalemia
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