Calvin cycle reactions - enzymatic reactions that reduce carbon dioxide to a carbohydrate in the
stroma of chloroplasts
ATP synthase - protein structure in chloroplast thylakoids and mitochondria cristae that uses
energy from H+ ions to convert ADP to ATP
autotrophs - organisms that produce the...
Chapter 7 - Mader Biology
Calvin cycle reactions - enzymatic reactions that reduce carbon dioxide to a carbohydrate in the
stroma of chloroplasts
ATP synthase - protein structure in chloroplast thylakoids and mitochondria cristae that uses
energy from H+ ions to convert ADP to ATP
autotrophs - organisms that produce their own food
C3 plants - the most common and the most efficient at photosynthesis in cool, wet climates
C4 plants - plant that has adapted its photosynthetic process to more efficiently handle hot and
dry conditions
CAM plants - a plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism, an adaptation for photosynthesis in
arid conditions
carbon dioxide fixation - the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide, such as in
photosynthesis
absorption spectrum - a graph showing the amount of light absorbed by individual pigments at
various wavelengths
carotenoids - accessory pigments that broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive
photosynthesis.
chemiosmosis - the use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work
chlorophyll - principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms
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