Saprobes (chemoheterotroph) organism that obtains food from decaying organic matter (dead organisms)
Parasites (chemoheterotroph) Gets nutrition from living organisms and cause harm to the host
Temperature
Gases
Microbial Growth is influenced by pH
Osmotic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure
osmotic pressure the external pressure that must be applied to stop osmosis
hydrostatic pressure atmospheric pressure
Psychophiles Cold loving microbes -optimum temp = 10C temp range = -10-20C
Psychrotolerant tolerate cold temperatures (adaptations in their cytoplasmic membranes)
Mesophiles moderate temperature loving (prevalent in the human body)
Thermophiles heat loving microbes
extreme thermophiles (archaea) love very hot environments 125 degrees optimally
requires oxygen to grow and cannot live without it
Obligate Aerobe
can live with or without oxygen
Faculative anaerobes
tolerate but cannot use oxygen
aerotolerant anaerobes
Organisms that cannot live where molecular
oxygen is present
obligate anaerobes
require oxygen concentration lower than air
Microaerophiles
Neutrophiles Grow in habitats that range between 6 and 8
salt loving
Halophiles
(osomotic pressure)
Barophiles organisms that live under REQUIRE high pressure (atmospheric pressure)
The first phase of the bacterial growth curve is
when organisms acclimate to their surrounding; they
lag phase of bacterial growth
grow in size but do not increase in number.
Rapid growth is when the size of a population
increases excessively.
exponential growth phase
, period of EQUILIBRIUM, microbial deaths
BALANCE PRODUCTION of new cells
stationary phase
microbes die off
death phase of bacterial growth
Metabolic pathways that BREAK DOWN molecules,
releasing energy.
Catabolism
YIELDS ENERGY
The phase of metabolism is when simple substances
are SYNTHESIZED into the complex materials of
Anabolisim
living tissue.
USES ENERGY
All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism. THE SUM OF CATABOLIC
Metabolism
AND ANABOLIC REACTIONS TOGETHER
The reactants that bind to the enzyme
substrates
the region of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate
catalyzes the reaction
Active site of an enzyme
-For enzyme and substrate to react, surfaces of
each must be complementary
Specificity of the Enzyme-Substrate -Enzyme specificity: the ability of an enzyme to
Complex bind only one, or a very few, substrates
***Urease is VERY specific or has a HIGH DEGREE of
Specificity
apoenzyme + cofactor (whole active enzyme)
haloenzyme
protein portion of an enzyme
Apoenzyme
Non-protein compound that interacts with another
substance to facilitate a transformation.
Co factor can be:
- an inorganic molecule (metal ions) or
- an organic molecule known as a (coenzyme)
catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions (transfer electrons from one substrate to the
Oxidoreductase enzymes
next)
Dehydrogenase enzymes transfer a hydrogen from one compound to another
Transferases transfer functional groups from one substrate to another
Parasites (chemoheterotroph) Gets nutrition from living organisms and cause harm to the host
Temperature
Gases
Microbial Growth is influenced by pH
Osmotic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure
osmotic pressure the external pressure that must be applied to stop osmosis
hydrostatic pressure atmospheric pressure
Psychophiles Cold loving microbes -optimum temp = 10C temp range = -10-20C
Psychrotolerant tolerate cold temperatures (adaptations in their cytoplasmic membranes)
Mesophiles moderate temperature loving (prevalent in the human body)
Thermophiles heat loving microbes
extreme thermophiles (archaea) love very hot environments 125 degrees optimally
requires oxygen to grow and cannot live without it
Obligate Aerobe
can live with or without oxygen
Faculative anaerobes
tolerate but cannot use oxygen
aerotolerant anaerobes
Organisms that cannot live where molecular
oxygen is present
obligate anaerobes
require oxygen concentration lower than air
Microaerophiles
Neutrophiles Grow in habitats that range between 6 and 8
salt loving
Halophiles
(osomotic pressure)
Barophiles organisms that live under REQUIRE high pressure (atmospheric pressure)
The first phase of the bacterial growth curve is
when organisms acclimate to their surrounding; they
lag phase of bacterial growth
grow in size but do not increase in number.
Rapid growth is when the size of a population
increases excessively.
exponential growth phase
, period of EQUILIBRIUM, microbial deaths
BALANCE PRODUCTION of new cells
stationary phase
microbes die off
death phase of bacterial growth
Metabolic pathways that BREAK DOWN molecules,
releasing energy.
Catabolism
YIELDS ENERGY
The phase of metabolism is when simple substances
are SYNTHESIZED into the complex materials of
Anabolisim
living tissue.
USES ENERGY
All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism. THE SUM OF CATABOLIC
Metabolism
AND ANABOLIC REACTIONS TOGETHER
The reactants that bind to the enzyme
substrates
the region of an enzyme that attaches to a substrate
catalyzes the reaction
Active site of an enzyme
-For enzyme and substrate to react, surfaces of
each must be complementary
Specificity of the Enzyme-Substrate -Enzyme specificity: the ability of an enzyme to
Complex bind only one, or a very few, substrates
***Urease is VERY specific or has a HIGH DEGREE of
Specificity
apoenzyme + cofactor (whole active enzyme)
haloenzyme
protein portion of an enzyme
Apoenzyme
Non-protein compound that interacts with another
substance to facilitate a transformation.
Co factor can be:
- an inorganic molecule (metal ions) or
- an organic molecule known as a (coenzyme)
catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions (transfer electrons from one substrate to the
Oxidoreductase enzymes
next)
Dehydrogenase enzymes transfer a hydrogen from one compound to another
Transferases transfer functional groups from one substrate to another
