DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - nucleic acid polymer produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide
monomers that contain the sugar deoxyribose; the genetic material of nearly all organisms
chitin - strong but flexible nitrogenous polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and
in the cell...
Chapter 3 - Mader Biology
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - nucleic acid polymer produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide
monomers that contain the sugar deoxyribose; the genetic material of nearly all organisms
chitin - strong but flexible nitrogenous polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and
in the cell walls of fungi
ADP (adenosine diphosphate) - nucleotide with two phosphate groups that can accept another
phosphate group and become ATP
amino acid - organic molecule composed of an amino group and an acid group; covalently bonds
to produce peptide molecules
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - nucleotide with three phosphate groups; the release of the third
phosphate group makes energy available for energy-requiring processes in cells
biomolecule - organic molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and fats
carbohydrate - class of organic compounds that typically contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in
a 1:2:1 ratio; includes the monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
cellulose - poly saccharide that is the major complex carbohydrate in plant cell walls
chaperone protein - molecule that directs the proper folding of polypeptides
coenzyme - nonprotein organic molecule that aids the action of the enzyme to which it is loosely
bound
complementary base pairing - hydrogen bonding between particular purines and pyrimidines;
responsible for the structure of DNA, and some RNA, molecules
, dehydration reaction - chemical reaction in which a water molecule is released during the
formation of a covalent bond
denatured - loss of a protein's or enzyme's normal shape so that it no longer functions; usually
caused by a less than optimal pH and temperature
deoxyribose - pentose sugar found in DNA
disaccharide - sugar that contains two monosaccharide units; e.g., maltose
enzyme - organic catalyst, usually a protein, that speeds a reaction in cells due to its particular
shape
fat - organic molecule that contains glycerol and three fatty acids; energy storage molecule
fatty acid - molecule that contains a hydrocarbon chain and ends with an acid group
functional group - specific cluster of atoms attached to the carbon skeleton of organic molecules
that enters into reactions and behaves in a predictable way
globular protein - most of the proteins in the body; soluble in water or salt solution; includes
albumins, globulins, histones
glucose - six-carbon monosaccharide; used as an energy source during cellular respiration and as a
monomer of the structural polysaccharides
glycerol - three-carbon carbohydrate with three hydroxyl groups attached; a component of fats
and oils
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