D118 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS.
ALREADY A+ GRADED. LATEST UPDATE.
NEW!!!
Explain the reasons why transitions of care increase risks for adverse events. - Ans✔✔-Transitions
increase the risk of adverse events due to the potential for miscommunication as responsibility is
given to new parties. Hospital discharge is a complex process representing a time of significant
vulnerability for patients
Describe different models of chronic care coordination. - Ans✔✔-Several models of care have been
established, including Patient-Centered Medical Homes (PCMHs), self-management programs, house
call or home-based primary care programs, and distance chronic disease programs (telehealth)`
Explain the difference between synchronous and asynchronous telemedicine and the significance of
this type of healthcare delivery in the US. - Ans✔✔-Synchronous or real-time telehealth requires the
presence of both parties at the same time and a communication link between them that allows a
real-time interaction to take place. Videoconferencing equipment is one of the most common forms
of technologies used in synchronous telehealth. There are also peripheral devices that can be
attached to computers or the videoconferencing equipment, which can aid in an interactive
examination.
Asynchronous telehealth involves acquiring medical data (e.g., medical images, biosignals, voice
recordings) and then transmitting these data to a doctor or medical specialist at a convenient time
for assessment offline. It does not require the presence of both parties at the same time.
What are the key components of social determinants of health and why are they significant? -
Ans✔✔-Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions in the environments where people
are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and
quality-of-life outcomes and risks.
,Identify two national initiatives to improve health care quality and patient care throughout the US -
Ans✔✔-Better CareImprove quality by making health care more person-centered, reliable,
accessible, and safe.
Describe the NNDSS. - Ans✔✔-The National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS) is a
nationwide collaboration that enables all levels of public health (local, state, territorial, federal, and
international) to share health information to monitor, control, and prevent the occurrence and
spread of state-reportable and nationally notifiable
What is included in palliative care? - Ans✔✔-Aligning treatment outcomes with the patient's values
and preferences.
Improving quality of life for both the patient and the family.
Minimizing pain and discomfort.
Alleviating emotional distress, anxiety, or depression.
Assisting with safety, mobility, and equipment.
Spiritual counseling.
Explain the epidemiologic triad for infectious disease causation. - Ans✔✔-The triad consists of an
external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together. In
this model, disease results from the interaction between the agent and the susceptible host in an
environment that supports transmission of the agent from a source to that host.
Describe the prevention framework and its various levels. - Ans✔✔-Primary Prevention—intervening
before health effects occur, through measures such as vaccinations, altering risky behaviors (poor
eating habits, tobacco use), and banning substances known to be associated with a disease or health
condition.8,9
2. Secondary Prevention—screening to identify diseases in the earliest stages, before the onset of
signs and symptoms, through measures such as mammography and regular blood pressure testing.10
3. Tertiary Prevention—managing disease post diagnosis to slow or stop disease progression through
measures such as chemotherapy, rehabili- tation, and screening for complications.11
Which health conditions are included in the Healthy People 2030 objectives. How have the 2030
objectives changed from Healthy People 2020? - Ans✔✔-For the first time, Healthy People 2030 also
sets 10-year targets for objectives related to social determinants of health. And we've updated our
health literacy definition for the first time in 20 years to emphasize how both individuals and
organizations can help improve health literacy.
In addition, Healthy People 2030 features 8 Overall Health and Well-Being Measures (OHMs)
,Discuss the current screening guidelines for the following conditions in Adults: HIV infection,
colorectal cancer, high blood pressure, unhealthy drug use, hepatitis C, abdominal aortic aneurysm,
breast cancer, cervical cancer, and osteoporosis. - Ans✔✔-HIV infection-The USPSTF recommends
that clinicians screen for HIV infection in adolescents and adults aged 15 to 65 years. Younger
adolescents and older adults who are at increased risk of infection should also be screened. See the
Clinical Considerations section for more information about assessment of risk, screening intervals,
and rescreening in pregnancy. Current CDC guidelines recommend testing for HIV infection with an
antigen/antibody immunoassay approved by the US Food and Drug Administration that detects HIV-1
and HIV-2 antibodies and the HIV-1 p24 antigen, with supplemental testing following a reactive assay
to differentiate between HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. If supplemental testing for HIV-1/HIV-2
antibodies is nonreactive or indeterminate (or if acute HIV infection or recent exposure is suspected
or reported), an HIV-1 nucleic acid test is recommended to differentiate acute HIV-1 infection from a
false-positive test result
Describe the screening guidelines for abnormal blood glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus for adults
aged 40-70 years who are overweight or obese. - Ans✔✔-Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes can be
detected by measuring fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c level, or with an oral glucose tolerance test.
A fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL (6.99 mmol/L) or greater, an HbA1c level of 6.5% or
greater, or a 2-hour postload glucose level of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or greater are consistent with
the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. A fasting plasma glucose level of 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.55-6.94
mmol/L), an HbA1c level of 5.7% to 6.4%, or a 2-hour postload glucose level of 140 to 199 mg/dL
(7.77-11.04 mmol/L) are consistent with prediabetes.14
Describe the screening guidelines for aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease and colorectal
cancer in adults aged 50-59 years. - Ans✔✔-The USPSTF recommends initiating low-dose aspirin use
for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) in adults aged
50 to 59 years who have a 10% or greater 10-year CVD risk, are not at increased risk for bleeding,
have a life expectancy of at least 10 years, and are willing to take low-dose aspirin daily for at least 10
years.
Describe the screening guidelines for pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteruria - Ans✔✔-The
USPSTF recommends screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria using urine culture in pregnant
persons.
24. Describe the USPSTF recommendations for breastfeeding. - Ans✔✔-Provide interventions during
pregnancy and after birth to support breastfeeding.Grade: B
25. Describe the USPSTF recommendations for depression screening in adults. - Ans✔✔-The USPSTF
recommends screening for depression in the general adult population, including pregnant and
, postpartum women. Screening should be implemented with adequate systems in place to ensure
accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and appropriate follow-up.
26. Describe the USPSTF recommendations for prevention of neural tube defects. - Ans✔✔-The
USPSTF recommends that all women who are planning or capable of pregnancy take a daily
supplement containing 0.4 to 0.8 mg (400 to 800 µg) of folic acid.
27. Describe the USPSTF recommendations for gestational diabetes screening. - Ans✔✔-The Task
Force recommends that clinicians screen all pregnant people at or after 24 weeks of pregnancy.
28. Describe the USPSTF recommendations for hepatitis B screening in adults and pregnant women -
Ans✔✔-The USPSTF recommends screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in adolescents and
adults at increased risk for infection.he USPSTF recommends screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV)
infection in pregnant women at their first prenatal visit
29. Describe the USPSTF recommendations for intimate partner violence screening. - Ans✔✔-The
USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen for intimate partner violence (IPV) in women of
reproductive age and provide or refer women who screen positive to ongoing support services.
30. Describe the USPSTF recommendations for prevention in women at high risk for preeclampsia -
Ans✔✔-Important clinical conditions associated with increased risk include a history of eclampsia or
preeclampsia (particularly early-onset preeclampsia), previous adverse pregnancy outcome,
maternal comorbid conditions (type 1 or 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, chronic hypertension,
renal disease, and autoimmune diseases), and multifetal gestation. Other risk factors include
nulliparity, obesity, African American race, low socioeconomic status, and advanced maternal age.
31. Describe the USPSTF recommendations for lung cancer screening. - Ans✔✔-The USPSTF
recommends annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in adults
aged 50 to 80 years who have a 20 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit
within the past 15 years. Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15
years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or
willingness to have curative lung surgery.
32. Describe the USPSTF recommendations for syphilis screening in pregnant women - Ans✔✔-he
USPSTF recommends early screening for syphilis infection in all pregnant women.
