1. Calculate average air flow
A: 1 liters of air used in 10 seconds
B: 3 liters of air used in 20 seconds - ANSWER-Divide Volume by Time
flow=air/time
Example:
If 1 liter of air is used and phonation lasts for 5 seconds
Average flow is 1/5 liter per second
(keep in mind that flow at ...
B: 3 liters of air used in 20 seconds - ANSWER-Divide Volume by Time
flow=air/time
Example:
If 1 liter of air is used and phonation lasts for 5 seconds
Average flow is 1/5 liter per second
(keep in mind that flow at a given instant may be different)
A: 1/10
B: 3/20
2. U-tube manometer
How does it work?
What is it best used for?
What are its limitations? - ANSWER--Measures static pressure (as opposed to dynamic)
-Measures in cmH2O (how many cm of water is displaced by the pressure).
-Pressure is applied to one side. You measure the displacement to find the pressure.
,Best Used for: Calibration for electronic equipment that measures pressure.
Limitations:
Very low tech
Not very good for speech production (because pressures change rapidly and subtly)
3. Measuring speech breathing
[How do the ribcage and abdomen move as we speak or sing?] - ANSWER-Through chest wall
movements:
-Stretchable bands around the abdomen and ribcage to measure movement
inhale: rib cage and abdomen expand
exhale: rib cage and abdomen contract
measured by variable inductance plethysmograph
When you breathe in the diaphragm flattens out and pulls the base of the lung downward this
expands the volume inside the lungs and decreases the pressure causing a person to breathe in; also
pushes down on abdominal viscera causing the belly to expand outwards
4. Subglottal pressure
[What is it? How much is enough for speaking?Abbreviations?] - ANSWER-Subglottal pressure: Ps or
Psub
-Pressure that the lungs provide that goes up the trachea to the larynx.
-Driving pressure that makes speech happen
Speaking: 5-7 cmH2O
Very loud: 15-20 cmH2O
lower for pulse register
higher for falsetto
, 5. Phonation threshold pressure
[What influences it?] - ANSWER-PTP: Pressure needed to get the vocal folds to start vibrating.
3-5 cmH2O to start
Increases from:
-Dehydration
-Vocal Fatigue
Influences:
-Folds are looser=easy onset; Less pressure needed
-Folds stiffer=harsh onset; More pressure needed
-Abrupt start; More pressure
-Lesions; More pressure due to more mass
-Pathologies(disorders); stiffens vocal folds
7. When is oral pressure higher or lower during speech? - ANSWER-Higher:During Falsetto register
Stops
Quite high for fricatives
Lower: During Pulse register
Air pressure is minimum during a vowel/diphthongs because the mouth is open and air pressure
equalizes between oral cavity and atmosphere
8. Pressure vs. flow vs. resistance
1. How they relate.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller papersbyjol. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
