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AP Biology Final Exam Review. Fall 2024/2025. 100% Correct. 74 Q&A.
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AP Biology Final Exam Review. Fall 2024/2025. 100% Correct. 74 Q&A.
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AP Biology Final Exam Review. Fall2024/2025. 100% Correct. 74 Q&A.
Active Site
a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.
Adaptive radiation
the diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches.
aminoacyl trna Synthase
Activates the amino acids that attach to tRNA
Each amino acid is attached with a different synthase
Requires two ATP bonds (energy-rich)
Transfers amino acid to 3' end of tRNA
Each tRNA molecule has a CCA nucleotide sequence where the amino acid binds
The aminonacyl-tRNA bond will be used to supply energy needed to create a peptide bond in translation
Carbon Dioxde
a colorless, odorless gas that people and animals breathe out, CO2
Codon
three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
Conjugation
In bacteria, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined.
constitutive genes
housekeeping genes that are expressed continuously by the cell
constitutive enzymes
always present, always produced in equal amounts or at equal rates, regardless of the amount of
substrate
convergent evolution
, Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar
environments
covalent bond
A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
active transport
Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
endocytosis
process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
exocytosis
Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material
divergent evolution
evolution of one or more closely related species into different species; resulting from adaptations to
different environmental conditions
enhancer
A segment of eukaryotic DNA containing multiple control elements, usually located far from the gene
whose transcription it regulates.
envelope
a membranelike layer that covers the capsids of some viruses
gene pool
All the genes, including all the different alleles for each gene, that are present in a population at any one
time
genetic drift
A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance events rather than natural
selection.
glucose
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues.
When its level is low, we feel hunger.
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