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NURA 221 EXAM 3 LATEST UPDATED
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NURA 221 EXAM 3 LATEST UPDATEDSomatic, autonomic
The PNS divides into the ___ nervous system and the ___ nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Parasympathetic
Rest and digest
sympathetic
Fight or flight
Heart Rate, Chronotropic
blood pressure, vasoconstriction
dilation
shunting, vasoconstriction
mydriasis, dilation, increase
stored energy, glucose, fatty acids
SNS:
increases ___ (+ ___)
increases ___ (___)
bronchial smooth muscle ___
___ of blood (profuse ___)
___ (pupil ___) to __ the field of vision
,mobilization of ___ with increased ___ for the brain and increased ___ for muscle
activity
Heart rate, chronotropic
gastric, motility
emptying
emptying
miosis, contraction, constriction
constriction
PSNS:
decreases ___ (- ___)
increases ___ secretion (___)
increases bladder ____
increases bowel ___
___ (papillary muscle ___ - pupil ___)
bronchial smooth muscle ___
Dual, activation, deactivation
Most organs have ___ innervation with ___ or __
Complementary, complement
Some organs have ___ innervation, where they ___ each other
Single
Few organs have ___ innervation
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine
SNS neurotransmitters (catecholamines)
Acetylcholine
,PSNS neurotransmitter
sympathetic nervous system, SNS
Activation of the adrenergic receptors stimulates the ___ and causes ___ effects
Alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2, dopaminergic
What are the 5 main adrenergic receptor sites
Alpha1
Located in peripheral blood vessel system
Profuse body-wide vasoconstriction
mydriasis (pupil dilation)
When alpha1 is stimulated, it produces?
Reverse hypotension, homeostasis, improve nasal decongestion, cause mydriasis
What are primary uses for alpha1 stimulants?
Decreased sympathetic outflow
When alpha2 is stimulated it causes?
To cause sedation, relaxation, hypotension, and analgesia
What are primary uses for alpha2 stimulants?
Increased heart rate, increased contraction force: + inotropic
When Beta1 is activated what does it cause?
Cardiac arrest, heart failure (although may worsen), shock, AV block
What are primary uses for Beta1 activation?
Dilation of bronchial smooth muscle, relaxation of uterine muscle, activation of
glycogenolysis
When beta2 is activated, it causes?
Glycogenolysis
, Conversion of glycogen to glucose within the liver
Respiratory arrest, asthma, delay of pre-term labor
What are primary uses for beta2 activation?
Dilation of renal, mesenteric, coronary, and cerebral arteries
Dopaminergic activation causes?
Low blood pressure, low heart rate, cardiac arrest
What are primary uses for dopaminergic activation?
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Adrenergic medication secreted by the adrenal medulla
Non-selective, alpha1, alpha2 (peripherally), beta1, and beta2
Epinephrine is ___, so it stimulates ___, ___, ___, and __
0.1, beta
Low dosages of epinephrine (___ mg/mL) stimulates mainly ___ receptors
1, alpha-adrenergic
High dosages of epinephrine (__mg/mL) stimulates mainly __ receptors
Improve hypotension, cause mydriasis, cause bronchodilation, local anesthetic
adjunct, anaphylactic shock cardiac arrest
What are main uses of epinephrine (adrenaline)
Blood flow, ears, fingers, nose, penis, toes
Epinephrine reduces ___, so don't give it in __, ___, __, __, or __
Hypertensive crisis, cardiac dysrhythmias, angina pectoris, hyperglycemia
What are SE/AR of epinephrine (adrenaline)
Elevated BP, headache, change in vision, N/V
Hypertensive crisis is characterized by?
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