CMN1160-EXAM with correct answers
radio nn- nncorrect nnanswer-Terrestrial nnradio: nnAM/FM nnstations nnon nnlocal nnor nnnational nnbroadcast.
Internet nnradio: nnDigital nnstations nnwithout nnphysical nnlimitations nn(e.g. nnPandora).
Old-fashioned nnAM/FM nnradio nnremains nnthe nnbiggest nnmass-reach nnmedium nnin nnthe nnUS, nnwith nnmore
nnthan nn90% nnof nnconsumers nnlistening nnon nna nnweekly nnbasis. nnThat nnpercentage nnhas nnstayed nnstrong nneven
nnin nnthe nnface nnof nnthe nnexplosive nngrowth nnof nnmusic nnstreaming; nnit nnwas nn96% nnback nnin nn2001
"For nnmany nnpeople, nnthe nnavailability nnof nnso nnmuch nnmusic nnhas nnled nnto nnwhat nnsome nnacademics nnand
nnanalysts nncall nnthe nntyranny nnof nnchoice," nnexplains nnLarry nnMiller, nndirector nnof nnthe nnmusic nnbusiness
nnprogram nnat nnNew nnYork nnUniversity's nnSteinhardt nnSchool. nn"You're nnconfronted nnwith nnall nnthe nnmusic nnin
nnthe nnworld nnbut nnwhat nnthe nnhell nnare nnyou nnsupposed nnto nnlisten nnto? nnSomebody nntell nnme! nnWhat's
nngood?"
Spotify, nnthe nnleading nnmusic-streaming nnplatform, nnmade nnwaves nna nnshort nnwhile nnago nnwhen nnit
nndropped nnDiscover nnWeekly, nna nnclever nnalgorithm-driven nnplaylist nnthat nnis nncontinually nnrefreshed nnwith
nnrecommendations nnfor nnthe nnlistener.
radio nnhistory nn- nncorrect nnanswer-radio nnwas nnone nnof nnthe nnvery nnfirst nnmedia nncapable nnof nnmass
nncommunication nnreach. nnIt nnallowed nnfor nnthe nnimmediate nndissemination nnof nninformation nnvia nnradio
nnwaves nnover nna nnwide nngeographic nnarea, nnto nncater nnto nna nnwide nnaudience.
1922: nnCanadian nnradio nnbegan nnwith nnthe nnfirst nnlicenses nnawarded nnfor nnprivate nncommercial nnradio
nnstations. nnHowever, nnby nnthe nnlate nn1920s, nnmany nnCanadian nnradio nnlisteners nnwere nnswitching nntheir
nndials nnto nnAmerican nnstations nnrather nnthan nnthe nnburgeoning nnCanadian nnones.
In nnthe nn1920s, nnit nnis nnestimated nnthat nnapproximately nn80% nnof nnCanadians' nnlistening nntime nnwas
nndevoted nnto nnprograms nnoriginating nnfrom nnsouth nnof nnthe nnborder.
cultural nnimperialism nn- nncorrect nnanswer-refers nnmostly nnto nnthe nnworldwide nnspread nnand nndominance nnof
nnAmerican nnconsumer nnculture nnand nnproducts.
the nnaird nncommision nn- nncorrect nnanswer-study nnthe nnstate nnof nnCanadian nnbroadcasting;
recommend nnhow nnit nnshould nnbe nnadministered, nnmanaged, nnand nnmonitored;
provide nnan nninformed nnassessment nnof nnits nnfinancial nnneeds nnand nnof nnits nnresponses nnto nnthe nnCanadian
nnaudience.
,Its nnfinal nnreport nnconcluded nnthat nnAmerican nnnetworks nnwere, nnpredictably, nna nnthreat nnto nnour nnairwaves
nnand nnour nnculture.
canadan nnbraodcasting nnact nn1932 nn- nncorrect nnanswer-Most nnimportantly, nnthe nnAird nnCommission
nnrecommended nnthe nncreation nnof nna nnpublic nnbroadcasting nnnetwork nnand, nnafter nnthree nnyears nnof
nndebate, nnthe nnFederal nnGovernment nnformally nnenacted nnthe nnCanadian nnRadio nnBroadcasting nnAct
nn(1932). nnThe nnAct nnstated nnthat nnCanada nnwould nnhave nna nnmixed nnbroadcasting nnsystem, nnconsisting nnof
nnboth nnpublic nnand nnprivate nnradio nnstations.
The nnAct nnalso nnauthorized nnthe nncreation nnof nnthe nnCanadian nnRadio nnBroadcasting nnCommission nn(CRBC),
nnwhich nnwent nnto nnair nnin nn1933.
The nnCRBC's nnmandate nnwas nntwofold:
to nnregulate nnand nncontrol nnall nnbroadcasting nnactivities nnin nnthe nncountry; nnand
to nnprovide nna nnnational nnbroadcasting nnservice.
formation nnof nnthe nncbc nn- nncorrect nnanswer-The nnCRBC, nnhowever, nnproved nnto nnbe nna nnfailure. nnIt nnangered
nnsome nnlisteners nnby nnbroadcasting nnin nnboth nnFrench nnand nnEnglish nnon nnthe nnsame nnchannel, nnand nnother
nnlisteners nnby nnairing nncontent nndeemed nnto nnbe nnpolitically nnbiased nnand nnsocially nninsensitive.
nnConsequently, nnin nn1936, nnthe nnBroadcasting nnAct nnwas nnamended nnand nnthe nnCRBC nnwas nnreplaced nnby
nnthe nnCanadian nnBroadcasting nnCorporation nn(CBC).
in nn1958, nnthe nnFederal nnGovernment nnrevised nnthe nnBroadcasting nnAct nnonce nnagain nnand nntransferred
nnregulatory nnpower nnaway nnfrom nnthe nnCBC nnto nnan nnindependent nnregulatory nnbody, nnthe nnBoard nnof
nnBroadcast nnGovernors nn(BBG). nnThe nnBBG nnwould nnregulate nnboth nnthe nnprivate nnbroadcasters nnand nnthe
nnCBC.
In nn1968, nnthe nnBBG nnitself nnwas nnreplaced nnby nnthe nnCanadian nnRadio-Television nnCommission nn(CRTC).
regulations nnof nncanadian nncontent nn- nncorrect nnanswer-CRTC nnto nnput nncommercial nnradio nnpolicy
nnframework nnunder nnthe nnmicroscope
The nnCRTC nnwill nnreview nnthe nnpolicy nnframework nnsurrounding nncommercial nnradio nnin nnCanada, nnincluding
nnmedia nnconsolidation nnrules, nnquotas nnof nnCanadian nncontent nnand nnlimits nnon nnthe nnamount nnof nntop nn40
nnsongs nnthat nncan nnbe nnplayed nnin nnOttawa nnand nnMontreal, nnthe nnregulator nnhas nnannounced.
"In nnorder nnto nnestablish nna nnflexible nnregulatory nnframework nnthat nnallows nncommercial nnradio nnto
nncontinue nnto nnrespond nnin nna nnrelevant nnand nneffective nnmanner nnto nnthe nncurrent nnand nnfuture nnneeds
nnand nninterests nnof nnCanadians, nnthe nnCommission nnwishes nnto nninitiate nnthis nnproceeding... nnthrough nna
nnconversation nnwith nnCanadians nnaddressing, nnamong nnother nnthings, nnthe nnprogramming nnbroadcast nnby
nnthis nnsector," nnthe nnregulator nnsaid.
, cancon nnquotas nn- nncorrect nnanswer-Despite nnthe nnCRTC's nnimplementation nnof nnCanCon nnmusic nnquotas nnin
nnthe nn1970's, nnCanadian nnartists nnstill nnfaced nnchallenges nnin nngetting nnadequate nnexposure. nnThis nnwas
nnbecause nnmany nnCanadian nnradio nnstations nnwould nnrelegate nntheir nnCanadian nnmusic nnselections nnto nnoff-
peak nnlistening nnhours, nnsuch nnas nnlate nnevenings, nnovernight nnon nnweekdays nnand nnearly nnSunday
nnmornings. nnIn nnthese nnblocks, nnsatirically nnreferred nnto nnas nn"beaver nnhours", nnthe nnmusic nnplayed nnwould
nnbe nnalmost nnexclusively nnCanadian, nnthus nnsignificantly nnreducing nnthe nnamount nnof nnCanadian nnsongs
nnthat nnwould nnhave nnto nnbe nnplayed nnduring nnpeak nnlistening nnhours nnto nnsatisfy nnthe nnregulations.
the nnCRTC nnalso nnimposed nnregulations nnstipulating nnthat nnCanCon nnmusic nnpercentages nnmust nnbe nnmet
nnbetween nn6 nna.m. nnand nn6 nnp.m. nnthus nnoutsmarting nnthe nndetrimental nnbenefits nnof nnthe nnbeaver nnhours.
qualifying nnas nncanadian nncontent nn- nncorrect nnanswer-M nn(music) nn- nnthe nnmusic nnis nncomposed nnentirely
nnby nna nnCanadian;
A nn(artist) nn- nnthe nnmusic nnis, nnor nnthe nnlyrics nnare, nnperformed nnprincipally nnby nna nnCanadian;
P nn(performance) nn- nnthe nnmusical nnselection nnconsists nnof nna nnperformance nnthat nnis nnrecorded nnwholly nnin
nnCanada, nnor nnperformed nnwholly nnin nnCanada nnand nnbroadcast nnlive nnin nnCanada;
L nn(lyrics) nn- nnthe nnlyrics nnare nnwritten nnentirely nnby nna nnCanadian.
french nnlanguage nnquotas nn- nncorrect nnanswer-The nnCRTC nnalso nnimposes nnquotas nnto nnhelp nnmaintain nna
nnFrench-language nnpresence nnon nnradio nnand nnprovide nnexposure nnfor nnfrancophone nnartists
French-language nnstations nnmust nnalso nndevote nnat nnleast nn65% nnof nnall nnPopular nnMusic nnbroadcast nneach
nnweek nnto nnFrench-language nnselections. nnCommercial nnradio nnstations nnmust nnensure nnthat nnat nnleast nn55%
nnof nnthe nnPopular nnMusic nnbroadcast nnbetween nn6:00 nna.m. nnand nn6:00 nnp.m. nnMonday nnto nnFriday nnconsists
nnof nnFrench-language nnselections.
emerging nnartist nnquotas nn- nncorrect nnanswer-In nnDecember nn2006, nnthe nnCRTC nnreviewed nnits nnmandated
nnquotas. nnVarious nnorganizations nnrepresenting nnCanadian nnartists nnproposed nnthat nnCanCon nnquotas nnbe
nnincreased, nnwith nnbonus nnpoints nnincluded nnfor nnplaying nnemerging nnartists.
emerging nnartist nn- nncorrect nnanswer-In nnDecember nn2006, nnthe nnCRTC nnreviewed nnits nnmandated nnquotas.
nnVarious nnorganizations nnrepresenting nnCanadian nnartists nnproposed nnthat nnCanCon nnquotas nnbe
nnincreased, nnwith nnbonus nnpoints nnincluded nnfor nnplaying nnemerging nnartists.
canadian nnartist nn- nncorrect nnanswer-English-Language: nna nnCanadian nnwho nnhas nnnever nnpreviously
nncharted nnor nnreached nnthe nnTop nn40 nnor nnTop nn25 nnposition nnon nnspecifically nnidentified nnmusic nncharts.
nnThe nnstatus nnis nnretained nnfor nna nnperiod nnof nn36 nnmonths nnfrom nnthe nndate nnhe nnor nnshe nnreaches nnthe
nnposition.
radio nn- nncorrect nnanswer-Terrestrial nnradio: nnAM/FM nnstations nnon nnlocal nnor nnnational nnbroadcast.
Internet nnradio: nnDigital nnstations nnwithout nnphysical nnlimitations nn(e.g. nnPandora).
Old-fashioned nnAM/FM nnradio nnremains nnthe nnbiggest nnmass-reach nnmedium nnin nnthe nnUS, nnwith nnmore
nnthan nn90% nnof nnconsumers nnlistening nnon nna nnweekly nnbasis. nnThat nnpercentage nnhas nnstayed nnstrong nneven
nnin nnthe nnface nnof nnthe nnexplosive nngrowth nnof nnmusic nnstreaming; nnit nnwas nn96% nnback nnin nn2001
"For nnmany nnpeople, nnthe nnavailability nnof nnso nnmuch nnmusic nnhas nnled nnto nnwhat nnsome nnacademics nnand
nnanalysts nncall nnthe nntyranny nnof nnchoice," nnexplains nnLarry nnMiller, nndirector nnof nnthe nnmusic nnbusiness
nnprogram nnat nnNew nnYork nnUniversity's nnSteinhardt nnSchool. nn"You're nnconfronted nnwith nnall nnthe nnmusic nnin
nnthe nnworld nnbut nnwhat nnthe nnhell nnare nnyou nnsupposed nnto nnlisten nnto? nnSomebody nntell nnme! nnWhat's
nngood?"
Spotify, nnthe nnleading nnmusic-streaming nnplatform, nnmade nnwaves nna nnshort nnwhile nnago nnwhen nnit
nndropped nnDiscover nnWeekly, nna nnclever nnalgorithm-driven nnplaylist nnthat nnis nncontinually nnrefreshed nnwith
nnrecommendations nnfor nnthe nnlistener.
radio nnhistory nn- nncorrect nnanswer-radio nnwas nnone nnof nnthe nnvery nnfirst nnmedia nncapable nnof nnmass
nncommunication nnreach. nnIt nnallowed nnfor nnthe nnimmediate nndissemination nnof nninformation nnvia nnradio
nnwaves nnover nna nnwide nngeographic nnarea, nnto nncater nnto nna nnwide nnaudience.
1922: nnCanadian nnradio nnbegan nnwith nnthe nnfirst nnlicenses nnawarded nnfor nnprivate nncommercial nnradio
nnstations. nnHowever, nnby nnthe nnlate nn1920s, nnmany nnCanadian nnradio nnlisteners nnwere nnswitching nntheir
nndials nnto nnAmerican nnstations nnrather nnthan nnthe nnburgeoning nnCanadian nnones.
In nnthe nn1920s, nnit nnis nnestimated nnthat nnapproximately nn80% nnof nnCanadians' nnlistening nntime nnwas
nndevoted nnto nnprograms nnoriginating nnfrom nnsouth nnof nnthe nnborder.
cultural nnimperialism nn- nncorrect nnanswer-refers nnmostly nnto nnthe nnworldwide nnspread nnand nndominance nnof
nnAmerican nnconsumer nnculture nnand nnproducts.
the nnaird nncommision nn- nncorrect nnanswer-study nnthe nnstate nnof nnCanadian nnbroadcasting;
recommend nnhow nnit nnshould nnbe nnadministered, nnmanaged, nnand nnmonitored;
provide nnan nninformed nnassessment nnof nnits nnfinancial nnneeds nnand nnof nnits nnresponses nnto nnthe nnCanadian
nnaudience.
,Its nnfinal nnreport nnconcluded nnthat nnAmerican nnnetworks nnwere, nnpredictably, nna nnthreat nnto nnour nnairwaves
nnand nnour nnculture.
canadan nnbraodcasting nnact nn1932 nn- nncorrect nnanswer-Most nnimportantly, nnthe nnAird nnCommission
nnrecommended nnthe nncreation nnof nna nnpublic nnbroadcasting nnnetwork nnand, nnafter nnthree nnyears nnof
nndebate, nnthe nnFederal nnGovernment nnformally nnenacted nnthe nnCanadian nnRadio nnBroadcasting nnAct
nn(1932). nnThe nnAct nnstated nnthat nnCanada nnwould nnhave nna nnmixed nnbroadcasting nnsystem, nnconsisting nnof
nnboth nnpublic nnand nnprivate nnradio nnstations.
The nnAct nnalso nnauthorized nnthe nncreation nnof nnthe nnCanadian nnRadio nnBroadcasting nnCommission nn(CRBC),
nnwhich nnwent nnto nnair nnin nn1933.
The nnCRBC's nnmandate nnwas nntwofold:
to nnregulate nnand nncontrol nnall nnbroadcasting nnactivities nnin nnthe nncountry; nnand
to nnprovide nna nnnational nnbroadcasting nnservice.
formation nnof nnthe nncbc nn- nncorrect nnanswer-The nnCRBC, nnhowever, nnproved nnto nnbe nna nnfailure. nnIt nnangered
nnsome nnlisteners nnby nnbroadcasting nnin nnboth nnFrench nnand nnEnglish nnon nnthe nnsame nnchannel, nnand nnother
nnlisteners nnby nnairing nncontent nndeemed nnto nnbe nnpolitically nnbiased nnand nnsocially nninsensitive.
nnConsequently, nnin nn1936, nnthe nnBroadcasting nnAct nnwas nnamended nnand nnthe nnCRBC nnwas nnreplaced nnby
nnthe nnCanadian nnBroadcasting nnCorporation nn(CBC).
in nn1958, nnthe nnFederal nnGovernment nnrevised nnthe nnBroadcasting nnAct nnonce nnagain nnand nntransferred
nnregulatory nnpower nnaway nnfrom nnthe nnCBC nnto nnan nnindependent nnregulatory nnbody, nnthe nnBoard nnof
nnBroadcast nnGovernors nn(BBG). nnThe nnBBG nnwould nnregulate nnboth nnthe nnprivate nnbroadcasters nnand nnthe
nnCBC.
In nn1968, nnthe nnBBG nnitself nnwas nnreplaced nnby nnthe nnCanadian nnRadio-Television nnCommission nn(CRTC).
regulations nnof nncanadian nncontent nn- nncorrect nnanswer-CRTC nnto nnput nncommercial nnradio nnpolicy
nnframework nnunder nnthe nnmicroscope
The nnCRTC nnwill nnreview nnthe nnpolicy nnframework nnsurrounding nncommercial nnradio nnin nnCanada, nnincluding
nnmedia nnconsolidation nnrules, nnquotas nnof nnCanadian nncontent nnand nnlimits nnon nnthe nnamount nnof nntop nn40
nnsongs nnthat nncan nnbe nnplayed nnin nnOttawa nnand nnMontreal, nnthe nnregulator nnhas nnannounced.
"In nnorder nnto nnestablish nna nnflexible nnregulatory nnframework nnthat nnallows nncommercial nnradio nnto
nncontinue nnto nnrespond nnin nna nnrelevant nnand nneffective nnmanner nnto nnthe nncurrent nnand nnfuture nnneeds
nnand nninterests nnof nnCanadians, nnthe nnCommission nnwishes nnto nninitiate nnthis nnproceeding... nnthrough nna
nnconversation nnwith nnCanadians nnaddressing, nnamong nnother nnthings, nnthe nnprogramming nnbroadcast nnby
nnthis nnsector," nnthe nnregulator nnsaid.
, cancon nnquotas nn- nncorrect nnanswer-Despite nnthe nnCRTC's nnimplementation nnof nnCanCon nnmusic nnquotas nnin
nnthe nn1970's, nnCanadian nnartists nnstill nnfaced nnchallenges nnin nngetting nnadequate nnexposure. nnThis nnwas
nnbecause nnmany nnCanadian nnradio nnstations nnwould nnrelegate nntheir nnCanadian nnmusic nnselections nnto nnoff-
peak nnlistening nnhours, nnsuch nnas nnlate nnevenings, nnovernight nnon nnweekdays nnand nnearly nnSunday
nnmornings. nnIn nnthese nnblocks, nnsatirically nnreferred nnto nnas nn"beaver nnhours", nnthe nnmusic nnplayed nnwould
nnbe nnalmost nnexclusively nnCanadian, nnthus nnsignificantly nnreducing nnthe nnamount nnof nnCanadian nnsongs
nnthat nnwould nnhave nnto nnbe nnplayed nnduring nnpeak nnlistening nnhours nnto nnsatisfy nnthe nnregulations.
the nnCRTC nnalso nnimposed nnregulations nnstipulating nnthat nnCanCon nnmusic nnpercentages nnmust nnbe nnmet
nnbetween nn6 nna.m. nnand nn6 nnp.m. nnthus nnoutsmarting nnthe nndetrimental nnbenefits nnof nnthe nnbeaver nnhours.
qualifying nnas nncanadian nncontent nn- nncorrect nnanswer-M nn(music) nn- nnthe nnmusic nnis nncomposed nnentirely
nnby nna nnCanadian;
A nn(artist) nn- nnthe nnmusic nnis, nnor nnthe nnlyrics nnare, nnperformed nnprincipally nnby nna nnCanadian;
P nn(performance) nn- nnthe nnmusical nnselection nnconsists nnof nna nnperformance nnthat nnis nnrecorded nnwholly nnin
nnCanada, nnor nnperformed nnwholly nnin nnCanada nnand nnbroadcast nnlive nnin nnCanada;
L nn(lyrics) nn- nnthe nnlyrics nnare nnwritten nnentirely nnby nna nnCanadian.
french nnlanguage nnquotas nn- nncorrect nnanswer-The nnCRTC nnalso nnimposes nnquotas nnto nnhelp nnmaintain nna
nnFrench-language nnpresence nnon nnradio nnand nnprovide nnexposure nnfor nnfrancophone nnartists
French-language nnstations nnmust nnalso nndevote nnat nnleast nn65% nnof nnall nnPopular nnMusic nnbroadcast nneach
nnweek nnto nnFrench-language nnselections. nnCommercial nnradio nnstations nnmust nnensure nnthat nnat nnleast nn55%
nnof nnthe nnPopular nnMusic nnbroadcast nnbetween nn6:00 nna.m. nnand nn6:00 nnp.m. nnMonday nnto nnFriday nnconsists
nnof nnFrench-language nnselections.
emerging nnartist nnquotas nn- nncorrect nnanswer-In nnDecember nn2006, nnthe nnCRTC nnreviewed nnits nnmandated
nnquotas. nnVarious nnorganizations nnrepresenting nnCanadian nnartists nnproposed nnthat nnCanCon nnquotas nnbe
nnincreased, nnwith nnbonus nnpoints nnincluded nnfor nnplaying nnemerging nnartists.
emerging nnartist nn- nncorrect nnanswer-In nnDecember nn2006, nnthe nnCRTC nnreviewed nnits nnmandated nnquotas.
nnVarious nnorganizations nnrepresenting nnCanadian nnartists nnproposed nnthat nnCanCon nnquotas nnbe
nnincreased, nnwith nnbonus nnpoints nnincluded nnfor nnplaying nnemerging nnartists.
canadian nnartist nn- nncorrect nnanswer-English-Language: nna nnCanadian nnwho nnhas nnnever nnpreviously
nncharted nnor nnreached nnthe nnTop nn40 nnor nnTop nn25 nnposition nnon nnspecifically nnidentified nnmusic nncharts.
nnThe nnstatus nnis nnretained nnfor nna nnperiod nnof nn36 nnmonths nnfrom nnthe nndate nnhe nnor nnshe nnreaches nnthe
nnposition.
