Exam (elaborations)
NR 509 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- Course
- Institution
NR 509 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
[Show more]
Content preview
NR 509 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
Suspicious breast mass - Answer--A mobile mass that becomes fixed when the arm
relaxes is attached to the ribs and intercostal muscles; if fixed when the hand is pressed
against the hip, it is attached to the pectoral fascia.
-Hard irregular poorly circumscribed nodules, fixed to the skin or underlying tissues,
strongly suggest cancer
Risk for Breast cancer - Answer---*Age*
-family history of breast/ovarian CA
- inherited genetic mutations,
-personal history of breast cancer
- high levels of endogenous hormones
- breast tissue density
- proliferative lesions with atypia on breast biopsy, - duration of unopposed estrogen
exposure related to early menarche
-age of first full-term pregnancy
- late menopause.
- breastfeeding for less than 1 year,
- postmenopausal obesity
-cigarette smoking, alcohol ingestion,
- physical inactivity, and type of contraception.
Characteristics of a breast cyst - Answer-Soft to firm, round, mobile, often tender.
The best way to examine the lateral portion of the breast - Answer--Have pt roll onto the
opposite hip
-place her hand on her forehead.
- keep shoulders pressed against the bed
-palpate in the axilla, moving in a straight line down to the bra line, then move the
fingers medially and palpate in a vertical strip up the chest to the clavicle. Continue in
vertical overlapping strips until you reach the nipple
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) - Answer--Caused by overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria (often
from sex)
- Discharge: Gray or white, thin, homogenous, malodorous, coats the vaginal walls,
usually not profuse, may be minimal
- Fishy/musty genital odor
-Normal vulva and vaginal mucosa
-Scan saline wet mount for clue cells (epithelial cells with stippled borders); sniff for
fishy odor after applying KOH ("whiff test"); test the vaginal secretions for pH > 4.5
Candidal Vaginitis - Answer--Cause: Candida albicans, a yeast (normal overgrowth of
vaginal flora); many factors predispose, including antibiotic therapy
, -Discharge: white and curdy, may be thin but usually thick, not as profuse as
trichomonal infection, not malodorous
- vaginal soreness, pruritus, pain on urination, dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
-The vulva and surrounding skin are inflamed and sometimes swollen to a variable
extent; the vaginal mucosa is reddened, with white tenacious patches of discharge; the
mucosa may bleed when these patches are scraped off; in mild cases, the mucosa
looks normal
-Scan potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation for the branching hyphae of Candida
Trichomonal Vaginitis - Answer--Trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan; often but not
always acquired sexually
- Discharge:Yellowish green or gray, possibly frothy; often profuse and pooled in the
vaginal fornix; may be malodorous
-Pruritus (though not usually as severe as with Candida
infection); pain on urination (from skin inflammation or possibly urethritis); dyspareunia
-Vestibule and labia minora may be erythematous; the vaginal mucosa may be diffusely
reddened, with small red granular spots or petechiae in the posterior fornix; in mild
cases, the mucosa looks normal
- Scan saline wet mount for trichomonads
Syphillis - Answer-This ulcerated papule with an indurated edge usually appears after 3
to 6 weeks of incubating infection from the spirochete Treponema pallidum. These
lesions may resemble a carcinoma or crusted cold sore. Similar primary lesions are
common in the pharynx, anus, and vagina but may escape detection since they are
painless, nonsuppurative, and usually heal spontaneously in 3 to 6 weeks. Wear gloves
during palpation since these chancres are infectious.
s/s of epididymitis - Answer-Acute: swollen, and notably tender, making it difficult to
distinguish from the testis. The scrotum may be reddened and the vas deferens
inflamed.
Chronic: firm enlargement of the epididymis, which is sometimes tender, with thickening
or beading of the vas deferens.
Genital Warts (Condylomata Acuminata) - Answer--Single or multiple papules or
plaques of variable shapes; may be round, acuminate (pointed), or thin and slender.
May be raised, flat, or cauliflower-like (verrucous).
-Causative organism: HPV, usually subtypes 6, 11; carcinogenic subtypes rare,
approximately 5-10% of all anogenital warts. Incubation: weeks to months; infected
contact may have no visible warts.
-Can arise on penis, scrotum, groin, thighs, anus; usually asymptomatic, occasionally
cause itching and pain.
-May disappear without treatment.
Risk for prostate CA - Answer-Age, ethnicity, and family history are the strongest risk
factors for prostate cancer.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller biggdreamer. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
82871 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now