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MCAT Biochemistry Chapter 5: Lipids Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions.
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MCAT Biochemistry Chapter 5: Lipids Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solutions.
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MCAT Biochemistry Chapter 5: LipidsStructural Lipids - ANS Phospholipids, Glycerophospholipids, Sphingolipids, Waxes; The fatty
acid component plays the largest structural part, while the head groups play functional roles.
Phospholipid - ANS An alcohol + phosphate form the polar head group, and they are attached to
a fatty acid tail. Include ester and phosphodiester bonds.
Glycerophospholipid - ANS A specific type of phospholipid where the back bone is a glycerol.
Named via head group.
i.e. phosphatidylcholine - choline is the head group.
i.e. phosphatidylethanolamine - ethanolamine is the head group.
Sphingolipids - ANS Lipids with a sphingosine backbone*. Also long chain, nonpolar fatty acid
tails and polar head groups.
* not necessarily always sphingosine, can be sphingosine related
Ceramide - ANS the simplest sphingolipid; H = head group.
Sphingomyelin - ANS sphingophospholipids; phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidyl ethanolamine
as the head group.Involved in Myelin synthesis.
Glycosphingolipids - ANS sphingolipids with head groups compose of sugars bound via
glycosidic linkages. Include Cerebrosides (1 sugar molecule) and Globosides (multiple sugar
molecules)
Gangliosides - ANS most complex sphingolipids; glycolipids that have polar head groups w/
oligosaccharides involving >1 N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA/sialic acid) molecules at the
terminus, & a negative charge.
Play a role in cell interaction, recognition and signal transduction.
Waxes - ANS esters of long chain fatty acids with long chain alcohols. Biologically, they are
protection for plants and animals, i.e. preventing excessive evaporation and as a lubricant.
Signalling Lipids - ANS Lipids can also be signal molecules: coenzymes (ETC), hormones,
intracellular messengers.
Include: Terpenes, Prostaglandins, Fat Soluble Vitamins, Steroids.
Terpenes - ANS - lipids that are built from isoprene (C5H8) moieties.
- mainly secreted by plants and insects; they smell.
-named based on how many moieties present.
Picture = isoprene group.
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