Intro to Biochem- Study Materials for
Exam 1- Murphy
why are non-covalent bonds important - ANS 10-100x weaker than covalent, energies are
cumulative, include electrostatic, dispersion, H bonds
What else are non-covalent bonds involved in - ANS define structure and function, binds hGH,
amino acids involved in ligand/receptor bindings
charge charge E distance - ANS 1/r
charge dipole - ANS 1/r^2
dipole dipole - ANS 1/r^3
charge induced dipole - ANS was neutral but when charge came up created dipole 1/r^4
dipole induced dipole - ANS 1/r^5
dispersion (van der waals) - ANS 1/r^6
H bond donor - ANS with H
H bond acceptor - ANS no H
dielectric constant - ANS relative permitivity when medium is between charges screening them
from one another, waters is high
H bonding - ANS electron sharing is highly directional, charge/charge interaction, high energy
bonds, short fixed bond length
boiling point - ANS increases with molecular mass except when H bonding happens (high BP)
adhesion - ANS attraction between different molecules
cohesion - ANS attraction between same molecules
surface tension - ANS how easy/difficult it is to break/stretch surface
water's unique properties - ANS 2 H bond donor sites, 2 H bond acceptor sites, permanent
dipole, high heat capacity, density greater in liquid, relatively high dielectric constant
, hydrophilic molecules in water - ANS solvent can compete with intramolecular H bonds,
sometimes stabilizing, sometimes destabilizing, ions get hydration shells
hydrophobic molecules in aqueous solution - ANS clathrate structures hide nonpolar molecules
(energetically favorable)
hydrophobic effect - ANS stabilizes protein structure by driving apolar side chains on amino
acids together to minimize formation of this ordered structure
amphipathic molecules in aqueous solution - ANS monolayer, micelle, or bilayer
Henderson Hasselbach - ANS pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
Ka - ANS dissociation constant
when are buffers excellent - ANS pH is pKa, group is 50% protonated
deprotonated means - ANS ionized
pH < pKa - ANS HA > A-
pH = pKa - ANS HA= A-
pH > pKa - ANS HA < A-
isoelectric point - ANS no charge, average of pKa's of +1 and -1 species
ionic properties of amino acid side chains - ANS impart ionic properties to proteins like pH
isoelectric focusing - ANS moves in gel based on pH
protein - ANS amino acid, peptide bond
polysaccharide - ANS monosaccharide, glycoside
nucleic acid - ANS nucleotide, phosphodiester
lipids - ANS fatty acids, ester
biopolymers - ANS nucleic acid, carbohydrates, proteins
characteristics of living matter - ANS program, improvisation, compartmentalization, energy,
regeneration, adaptability, seclusion
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