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Optometry Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Optometry Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Optometry Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100% VerifiedAutomated Testing - typically something that is done by techs, but we analyze it. Its advantages are that
it is quicker and easy to use. Its disadvantages are that it is not as accurate, its really large, its costly and
its not portable due to size.
Automated Lensometry - measures the optical characteristic of .a lens. You only do this on patients that
come in wearing glasses to establish a basis. Its advantages are that it is faster and easier to find lens
centration. Its disadvantages are that you need to make sure you align the pupil placement of where the
patient looks out of the lens.
Non-Contact Tonometer (NCT) - "Puffer"- you use this to measure intraocular pressure.
Its advantages are that the patient does not need an anesthetic because it does not actually contact the
cornea, its good for kids or adults that would not sit still through goldman, and it uses a video display
alignment. Its disadvantages are that it can be startling to patients and described as "dreaded",
increased IOP readings can occur if a patient is anxious before it happens, its not as reliable on someone
with abnormal cornea or a really high IOP, and its very expensive.
This is NOT a good measure of disease progression but it is a good screening tool.
Auto-Refractor/Keratometer - this is an automated measure of a patients prescription and curvature of
cornea.
Can be abbreviated "Auto-R" or "Auto-K"
these are screening tools that a tech can do and a doctor can use as a starting point.
its advantages are that it is a starting point for manifest refraction and that techs can do it during
entrance testing.
Its disadvantages are that irregular reflexes like scissoring (that would be seen in a normal retinoscopy,
would be missed. Also, the instrument myopia and proximal accommodation, meaning its very close to
,your face so your automatic focusing system tries to accommodate and will create too minus of a
prescription, especially in children.
Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer - Measures visual field. Its advantages are that its fairly accurate, its
repeatable, it can be used to monitor disease progression.
Its disadvantages are that it is lengthy and takes 4-8 minutes per eye, its instructions may be confusing
to patients and you have to keep reassuring them, errors in set up on our end can lead to visual field
defects that can stress out the patient, and droopy eyelids will manifest as an error.
Threshhold vs. Screening - Threshhold (visual field)- At a certain level patient can see half of lights and
not the other half. What we typically measure.
Visual Field Screening- is a fast test, something we can do on everyone, but threshhold is used more.
Visual Field Test Patterns- Test of your central and side vision, one eye at a time. - Glaucoma- SITA
standard 24-2
Late Stage Glaucoma- SITA standard 10-2
Neurological Disease- SITA standard 30-2 or 24-2
Drug Induced Maculopathies- SITA standard 10-2
Stimulus and Intensity of Visual Field - these both can be altered to bigger, smaller, brighter or dimmer.
Factors that Affect Reliability of Visual Field - Steadiness of patient fixation, patient fatigue or anxiety,
poor test instructions (on your end), patient discomfort, improper vision correction.
You want to make sure that the set up is correct and that you interact with the patient in a positive
manner.
You must observe patient during visual field testing - you must watch for their fixation, their attention,
their lapses in concentration, any ptosis (droopy eyelids), discomfort, etc.
, You must keep the patient motivated during the visual field test - make sure you encourage them since
it is such a long test. They will be more mad to repeat it over again.
Do you dilate during visual field testing? - It depends on the patients pupil size. If pupils are smaller than
3mm, you should dilate because they create diffuse (defects not actually there) depression in visual
field. Generally older people have smaller pupils. Also if someone was dilated before for this test, do it
again.
Media opacities can create an overall depression in the visual field. Example, patients with cataracts are
more affected by small pupil size especially if they are in the visual axis.
Set Up of Visual Field test - 1) Explain the procedure face to face with patient
2) Place appropriate lens in trial lens holder
3) occlude the nontested eye
4) dim the room lights
5) instruct patient to put his chin on side of chin rest that is appropriate for the eye tested (right eye is
left chin rest, left eye is right chin rest)
6) adjust the table height
7) align the patients eye on the video monitor
Positioning the Patient in Visual Field - height of instrument must be adjusted so patient is comfortable
so they can concentrate.
If instrument is too low or chair is too high - head would be too far forward, They might miss some spots
at the top and could be mistaken for a superior visual defect
If instrument is too high or chair is too low - the chin would be too far forward and they may miss spots
on the bottom of the field that may be mistaken for an inferior visual defect.
Position of Trial Lens in the Visual Field Machine - Lenses must be close to face, almost touching the
eyelashes (but not actually touching)
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