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Optometry Test 2 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Optometry Test 2 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Optometry Test 2 | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100%Verified
The Push Up Pull Away methods are also known as - Donders
What speed should the target be moved in the PU PA method? - 1cm/second
What must one remember to do at the beginning of the pull away method? - Have the patient close
both the eye being tested and the the eye that will remain closed for the duration of the test
What are the minimum values for PU PA - 15-1/4(pts age)=the minimum accommodation the patient
should have
What is one concern about the push up method? - Relative magnification from moving the target
towards the patient might cause over estimation of the patients accommodative ability
What is the target for the push up pull away method? - Near fixation stick, 20/30 line, full lights
The push up pull away methods are performed _____ phoropter - Out of
The push up/pull away methods are performed - monocularly
How much should the patient be accommodating at infinity? - none. (100/infinity=0)
Put the following tests in chronological order?
accomodative, refractive, binocular vision - The patient must first be properly refracted, then binocular
vision testing is performed, then accommodative testing is performed
When performing binocular vision testing, which is done first, Base in or base out? - Base in, then base
out
,When performing accommodative testing, which is done first, plus or minus lenses? - Plus lenses then
minus lenses
What tests are done to evaluate the accommodative amplitudes? - Donder's (push up/pull away)
Minus lens amplitudes
What tests are done to evaluate the patients accommodative response/ posture? - NRA/PRA
Monocular estimation method (MEM)
What tests are done to evaluate the patients accommodative facility? - Flipper facility with +/- 2.00
diopters
What is meant by the term accommodative infacility? - Patient has a hard time adjusting
accommodative power when switching back and forth between focusing at near and distance
What are some symptoms of accommodative problems? - asthenopia, headaches, blur, burning/
stinging eyes, fatigue, difficulty with attention and concentration
What are some clinical signs of accommodative problems? - Myopes- patient wants more minus in
subjective refraction than what was found during retinoscopy.
Hyperopes- dont want full plus of Rx, they like stimulating accommodation on their own
Ret reflex fluctuates
variable acuity, may not achieve expected level
What are two methods, very general, that can be used to stimulate ones accommodation? - Put
something in front of the patient, or put a minus lens in front of the patient
How far away should the clinician start the target for the push up method? - 40cm
, NRA/ PRA is testing? - Relative accomodation- How well can the patient sustain fusion while the clinician
varies accommodation
NRA/PRA tests the patient mono/binocularly? - Binocularly
Compare and contrast vergence testing with NRA/PRA in terms of what factors are being held constant
and what is being measured - during vergence testing, the target is always at the same distance (40 cm)
so accommodation is a constant 2.50 diopters. During this test prism is used to change the position of
the target, such that we can evaluate the movement of the eye. In NRA/PRA, we are going to control the
vergence by keeping it constant, but change the accommodation by putting lenses in front of the eyes
Which is done first NRA or PRA? - NRA-adding plus lenses to relax accommodation first
What is the target for NRA? - Letters/words 2 lines greater than BVA (rotary 4-read these words letter by
letter) pr rotary 4- acuity
How much a patient's accommodative posture will change during NRA will depend on that patient's
individual ____ - AC/A value
What are the control lenses for the patient during NRA, what about if they are a presbyope? - Normal-
control Rx. Presbyope- normal with tentative add
Explain what is going on during NRA testing? - Plus lenses are being added in 0.25 D increments
*BINOCULAR*
This relaxes the patient's accommodation
Causing the divergence of the patient's eyes
The patient must then converge to keep the target single and clear
NRA is an indirect measurement of - convergence, positive fusional vergences.
NRA is a direct measurement of - How well our patient can relax accommodation
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