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Test Bank Philosophies andTheories for Advanced Nursing practice 3rd edition Butts
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Test Bank Philosophies andTheories for
Advanced Nursing practice 3rd edition Butts
Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
1. Why /are /natural / sciences /also / referred / to /as /―pure‖ / sciences?
A. They /are /considered /stand-alone /bodies /of /unique /knowledge.
B. They /are /the /only /sciences /to /which /the /scientific /method /can /be /applied.
C. They /are /the /original /sciences /upon /which /all /others /are /based.
D. They /are /not /affected /by /subjectivity /in /the /way /other /sciences /are.
Ans: / A
2. Which /is /not /an /example /of /an /applied /science /as /used /in /health /care /today?
A. Social /work
B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination /of /care /disparities
D. Pathology
/Ans: / D
3. Roberta /firmly /believes /that /individual /experiences /are /the /source /of /all /knowledge /in
/the /world. /As /a /scientist, /she /acknowledges /her /role /as /a /participant /in /the /experiments
/she /performs /and /does /consider /herself /merely /a /disconnected /observer /of /phenomenon.
Roberta’s / views / are / most / closTeE
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leA
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ivKe SoE LhLiE
f /w chRs.
chCoOolMof / scientific / thought?
A. Natural / Science
B. Human / Science
C. Applied / Science
D. Soft /Science
/Ans: / B
4. What /is /the /ultimate /goal /of /the /scientific /method?
A. Application /of /scientific /results /to /a /related /body /of /knowledge /in /order /to /meet
/some /type /of /human /need.
B. Examination /of /the /decisions /made /by /a /scientist /to /understand /the /ways /in
/which /subjectivity /was /introduced /to /the /experiment.
C. Reproducible / experimental / results / that / do / not / take / researcher / individuality / into
/ account.
D. Improving /the /situation /or /process /used /in /the /experiment /to /yield /more /accurate
/results /in /repeat /experiments.
Ans: / C
5. Which /of /the /following /best /describes /the /aim /of /natural /sciences?
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A. Affirmation /of /the /importance /of /cultural /understanding /by /uncovering /the
/common /subjective /biases /of /different /disciplines.
B. Improvement /of /the /quality /of /life /by /understanding /what /helps /people /maximize
/their /functional /abilities.
C. Utilization /of /knowledge /by /applying /it /to /a /specific /purpose /in /order /to /better /a
/situation /or /change /viewpoints.
D. Development /of /knowledge /for /the /sake /of /developing /knowledge, /discovering /truth,
/and /controlling /outcomes.
Ans: / D
6. Gretchen /and /Peter /are /graduate /students /in /the /same /Physics /lab. /Their /supervisor
/has /asked /both /of /them /to /perform /the /same /experiment /using /the /same /procedure
/and /equipment. / After /they’ve /both /completed /their /task, /the /compare /their /results /and
/discover /that /they /are /nearly /identical. / Which /of /the /five /criteria /for /science /does
/Gretchen /and /Peter’s /discovery /exemplify?
A. Intersubjective / testability
B. Reliability
C. Definiteness / and / precision
D. Coherence
Ans: / A TESTBANKSELLER.COM
7. Which /statement /does /not /describe /a /general /characteristic /of /philosophy?
A. Thinking /for /the /sake /of /thinking.
B. Utilization / of / process / and / outcome.
C. Demarcation / of / wholeness / and / holism.
D. Application / of / epistemology / and / ontology.
Ans: / C
8. Repetitive /patterns /of /behavior /dictated /by /past /experiences /is /an /example /of /which
/source /of /knowledge?
A. Doctrine
B. Common / sense
C. Tradition
D. Authority
/Ans: / C
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9. Francisco /is /a /chemist /who /rigidly /applies /the /scientific /method /to /all /that /he /does,
/whether /in /the /lab /or /out /of /it, /and /strongly /believes /that /all /relationships /are /governed
/by /cause /and /effect. / He /sees /little /need /for /subjectivity /in /any /area /of /his /life, /believing
/instead /that /the /world /is /an /external /concept /completely /independent /of /individual
/thoughts /or /desires. / Which /philosophical /school /best /describes /Francisco’s /outlook /on
/the /world?
A. Phenomenology
B. Logical /positivism
C. Hermeneutics
D. Post-structuralism
/Ans: / B
10. Which / statement /would /an /adherent /of /the /perceived /view /most /likely /make?
A. ―Observation /is /completely /unbiased.‖
B. ―Descriptive /law /is /the /gold / standard /of /science.‖
C. ―Individual / phenomenon / make / up /the / whole /that /is /the /universe.‖
D. ―Theories /are /neither /right /nor
/wrong.‖ /Ans: / D
11. Which /philosophy /subscribes /to /the /idea /that /the /universe /is /a /whole /made /of
/interrelated
parts? TESTBANKSELLER.COM
A. Logical /positivism
B. Chaos /and / Complexity
C. Post-Structuralism
D. Hermeneutics
/Ans: / B
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Chapter /2 /– /The /Evolution /of /Nursing /Science
1. Historically, /nursing /preparation /was /referred /to /as /―training,‖ /and /many /nurses
/educated /through /the /1970s /still /use /this /term /to /refer /to /their /education. /Why /is /this
/terminology /particularly /problematic /in /light /of /the /advances /made /in /nursing /science /in
/the /last /30 /years?
A. On-the-job /apprenticeships /are /no /longer /as /prevalent /as /they /were /up /through /the
/late /1970s /and /early /1980s.
B. It /places /emphasis /on /nurses’ /abilities /to /perform /tasks /rather /than /reason /through
/and /understand /the /purpose /of /their /actions.
C. Most /modern /nurses /pursue /Master’s /level /education /beyond /their /practice-
based /Bachelor’s /education.
D. The /last /30 /years /have /seen /nursing /education /move /away /from /physician-taught
/courses /in /hospitals /to /professor-taught /courses /at /universities.
Ans: / B
2. During /the /1960s, /why /did /nursing /scholars /heavily /emphasize /a /focus /on /the
/theoretical /development /of /nursing /as /its /own, /independent /discipline?
A. To /support /doctoral /education /for /nurses /that /was /discipline /specific
B. To /prove /that /the /logical /positivist /approach /was /a /poor /fit /for /the /discipline
C. To /encourage /and /enhance /the /continued /development /of /nursing /science
D.
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To /promote /research /by /nurses /in /all /fields, /not /merely /nursing
/science /Ans: / C
3. Which /argument /best /supports /the /idea /of /nursing /as /a /professional /discipline /rather
/than /an /academic /discipline?
A. ―Nursing /is /an /applied /science. / Its /practice /component /places /an /emphasis /on
/the /delivery /of /service /by /nurses /rather /than /the /development /of /academic
/knowledge.‖
B. ―Nursing /is /a /discipline /with /unique /substance. /It /borrows /very /little /from /other
/disciplines /and, /as /a /result, /is /beyond /the /realm /of /most /academic /programs /in /the
/sciences /that /acknowledge /idea /sharing /across /disciplines.‖
C. ―Nursing /is /a /concept /with /a /lengthy /unofficial /history. /Individuals /have /been
/providing /nursing /care /to /others /since /the /Crusades, /and /this /professional /provision /of
/services /predates /formal /education /in /the /field.‖
D. ―Nursing /is /a /relative /newcomer /to /advanced /education. /For /many /years, /nurses /were
/educated /or /trained /only /at /a /Bachelor’s /level, /and /advanced /practice /therefore /has /its
/roots /in /the /profession /itself /rather /than /in /academia.‖
Ans: / A
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