Foundations NURSING FINAL EXAM |
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The nurse is teaching a parenting class. One of the topics is human development. Which
statement from a parent indicates more teaching is needed?
a. "The toddler may use parallel play."
b. "The preschooler has the ability to play in small groups."
c. "The school-aged child still needs total assistance in all safety activities."
d. "The toddler may have temper tantrums from parent's acting on safety rules.
" - ANSWERS-ANS: C
At this age (school-age), encourage children to take responsibility for their own safety. The
toddler continues to engage in solitary play but also begins to participate in parallel play, which
is playing beside rather than with another child. The play of preschool children becomes more
social after the third birthday as it shifts from parallel to associative play with others in small
groups. The toddler's strong will frequently exhibited in negative behavior when caregivers
attempt to direct actions. Temper tantrums result when parental restrictions frustrate toddlers.
. A nurse is communicating with a newly admitted teenaged patient. Which action should the
nurse take?
a. Avoid questioning the patient when observing a cigarette lighter lying on the bedside table.
b. Complete the admission database as quickly as possible by asking yes and no questions.
c. Look for meaning behind the patient's words and actions.
d. Ignore the patient's withdrawn behavior.
- ANSWERS-ANS: C
Good communication skills are critical for adolescents. Look for meaning behind the
adolescent's words and actions. Following are some hints for communicating with adolescents:
Do not avoid discussing sensitive issues. Asking questions about sex, drugs, and school opens
the channels for further discussion. Ask open-ended questions. (Yes and no questions are
,closed-ended questions.) The nurse should inquire about a patient's withdrawn behavior to
seek out the meaning of such behaviors. Be alert to clues about adolescents' emotional states.
A nurse is teaching a class about the effects of nutrition on fetal growth and development. A
pregnant patient asks the nurse how much weight should normally be gained over the
pregnancy. Which information should the nurse share with the patient?
a. About 10 to 20 lb
b. About 15 to 25 lb
c. About 20 to 30 lb
d. About 25 to 35 lb
- ANSWERS-ANS: D
The diet of a woman both before and during pregnancy has a significant effect on fetal
development. For women who are at normal weight for height, the recommended weight gain
is 25 to 35 lb over three trimesters. Weight gains of 10 to 20, 15 to 25, and 20 to 30 lb are too
low.
. The nurse is caring for an infant. Which activity is most appropriate for the nurse to offer to
the infant?
a. Set of cards to organize and separate into groups
b. Set of sock puppets with movable eyes
c. Set of plastic stacking rings
d. Set of paperback book
- ANSWERS-ANS: C
Adults and nurses facilitate infant learning by planning activities that promote the development
of milestones and providing toys that are safe for the infant to explore with the mouth and
manipulate with the hands such as rattles, wooden blocks, plastic stacking rings, squeezable
stuffed animals, and busy boxes. Preschoolers demonstrate their ability to think more
complexly by classifying objects according to size or color, making the cards more appropriate
for them. Neither group is ready for paperback books. The sock puppet with movable eyes
could create a choking hazard if one of the eyes comes off.
, . A mother expresses concern because her 5-year-old child frequently talks about friends who
don't exist. What is the nurse's best response to this mother's concern?
a. "Have you considered a child psychological evaluation?"
b. "You should stop your child from playing electronic games."
c. "Pretend play is a sign your child watches too much television."
d. "It's very normal for a child this age to have imaginary playmates."
- ANSWERS-ANS: D
At age 5, some children have imaginary playmates. Imaginary playmates are a sign of health
and allow the child to distinguish between reality and fantasy. The child does not need a
psychological evaluation because this is normal behavior. Television, videos, electronic games,
and computer programs help support development and the learning of basic skills. However,
these should be only one part of the child's total play activities. Pretend play is not a sign of
watching too much television.
. A school nurse is encouraging children to play a game of kickball. Which group of children is
the nurse most likely addressing?
a. Infant
b. Toddler
c. Preschool
d. School-aged
- ANSWERS-ANS: D
A game of kickball would be best suited for school-aged children because in this age-group, play
involves peers and the pursuit of group goals. Although solitary activities are not eliminated,
group play overshadows them. Younger children typically are not able to participate
cooperatively in groups yet. Infants begin to play simple social games such as patty-cake and
peek-a-boo. Toddlers engage in solitary play but also begin to participate in parallel play.
Preschoolers playing together engage in similar if not identical activities; however, no division
of labor or rigid organization or rules are observed. By the age of 5, the group has a temporary
leader for each activity.
Which assessment finding of a school-aged patient should alert the nurse to a possible
developmental delay?
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