,Target nucleic acid amplification (PCR) methods are based on which of the following?
a. The ability of two nucleic acid strands that have complementary base sequences to
specifically bond with each other and form a double-stranded molecule
b. Detecting phenotypic traits not detectable by conventional strategies
c. The principles of complementary nucleic-acid hybridization and those of nucleic-acid
replication that are applied repeatedly through numerous cycles
d. Determining the exact nucleotide sequence of a gene or gene fragment obtained
from an organism - The principles of complementary nucleic-acid hybridization and
those of nucleic-acid replication that are applied repeatedly through numerous cycles
A reduction in production of HIV due to therapy can be evaluated by which of the
following methods?
a. ELISA assay for antibody of patient serum
b. Western blot for antibody of patient serum
c. PCR analysis of patient serum
d. Real-time PCR of patient serum
e. Immunofluorescence of peripheral blood T cells - d. Real-time PCR of patient serum
A 27-year-old man has focal neurologic symptoms, and MRI indicates inflammation in
the temporal lobe. Which test would be most effective to confirm the diagnosis?
a. ELISA assay for antibocy of patient serum
b. Western blot for antibody of patient serum
c. PCR analysis of patient serum
d. Real-time PCR of patient serum
e. Immunofluorescence of peripheral blood T cells - c. PCR analysis of patient serum
A 22-year-old spelunker has flulike illness with chest pain. Radiographs of the lungs
indicate patchy infiltrates. Which of the following serologic findings would confirm a
diagnosis of histoplasmosis?
a. Ouchterlony demonstration of partial identity with Blastomyces
b. A twofold increase in complement fixation titer
c. Inhibition of hemagglutination
d. Real-time PCR
e. Southern blot analysis of serum - Ouchterlony demonstration of partial identity with
Blastomyces
A 33-year-old man is suspected of being infected with H3N2 influenza. Comparison of
serum taken during disease is compared to serum taken 2 months after recovery.
Which of the following sets of antibody titers would confirm infection with the H3N2
strain?
,Acute Titer ConvescentTiter
a. 8 16
b. 8 64
c. 4 8
d. 16 8
e. 64 16 - b. 8 64
Serology is used to follow the course of which of the following diseases?
a. Influenza
b. Herpes simplex virus
c. Epstein Barr virus
d. Yellow fever virus
e. Measles - Influenza
Serum levels of which antibody is indicative of recent infection?
a. IgA
b. IgD
c. IgE
d. IgG
e. IgM - IgA
What is the first antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially
encountered?
a. IgA
b. IgD
c. IgE
d. IgG
e. IgM - IgM
A 5-day-old baby is brought back to the hospital with signs of sepsis, is not thriving, and
has vesicular lesions on his scalp at the site of monitor attachment. Why is a baby
susceptible to a more serious outcome with this infection than an older child or adult?
a.Immunosuppression from the mother
b.Infection of a site closest to the brain
c.Lack of IgA production
d.Low levels of interferon-γ production
e.More rapidly growing cells - Low levels of interferon-γ production
Endotoxin initiates septic responses by binding to:
Which of the following cytokines is required to initiate a protective helper T cell immune
response to measles virus?
a. IL-1
b. IL-4
c. IL-8
d. IL-10
e. IL-12 - IL-12
Treatment with which cytokine makes the macrophage more efficient at killing bacteria?
a. Interferon alpha
b. Interferon gamma
c. TGF-β
d. GM-CSF
e. IL-2 - Interferon gamma
M. tuberculosis becomes reactivated in an AIDS patient because:
a. CD8 T cells cannot kill the bacteria.
b. Neutrophils do not become activated.
c. Macrophages do not get an activation signal.
d. B cells stop making protective antibody.
e. CD4 T cells stop making TGF-β. - Macrophages do not get an activation signal.
Identify which deficiency would most compromise a protective immune response to E.
coli sepsis.
a. IgG
b. IgE
c. CD8 T cells
d. Mast cells - IgG
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