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HTH 450 Measures of Morbidity Notes

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Measures of Morbidity Notes for HTH 450. *Essential!! *Contains vital info. Enjoy!!

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  • August 24, 2024
  • 3
  • 2021/2022
  • Class notes
  • Prof. brandon
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anyiamgeorge19
MEASURES OF MORBIDITY
Review Questions:
 What is the purpose of surveillance?
o To monitor disease, illness, and injury for changes in disease and/or risk-factor frequency
 What is the difference between active and passive surveillance?
o Active = health jurisdiction generates/gathers data themselves. Expensive, harder to
develop, but more accurate.
o Passive = health jurisdiction receives data generated by other sources. Inexpensive, easy
to develop, but less accurate.
 Define Incidence?
o Number of new cases, during a specified period of time, in a population at risk
 Measure of event, measure of risk
o Number of new cases of disease occurring in the population during a specified period of
time DIVIDED BY number of persons who are at risk of developing disease during that
period of time TIMES 10n
 Rule of thumb is to use the smallest multiplier of 10 that gets you one number
to the left of the decimal, that is at least 1000 or larger.
Objectives
 Define prevalence and discuss its use in epidemiology
 Discuss issues that impact accurate incidence and prevalence statistics
 Discuss the relationship between incidence and prevalence
Prevalence
 The proportion of people in a population affected by a disease
o Point prevalence (current)
 Most often talked about
o Period Prevalence (over a period of time)
 Measures the burden of disease
o Impact of health problem;
 Morbidity and Mortality
 Financial cost
 Other indicators; QALYs, DALYs
 Calculation:
o Number of cases of disease present in the population at a specified period of time /
number of persons in the population at that time
o X 10n (most often 100)
o The denominator can ONLY contain people who are a part of that population
Lets Practice: Point Prevalence
 We reviewed the medical records of all the current patients at a large urban hospital;
o There were 3,465 patients between 60-74
 974 cases of osteoporosis were identified
 What is the Point PR for osteoporosis in this group?
o Divide the cases of illness by the total population:
 ,465 = 0.2811
o Multiply the answer by 100:
 0.2811 x 100 = 28.11
o Express it as a proportion

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