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NUR228 CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NUR228 CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
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NUR228 CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS
What is the definition of coronary artery dominance? - ANSWER The coronary
artery that provides the majority of blood to the posterior descending artery is often
right dominant.
What does the posterior descending artery supply? - ANSWER the inferior part of
the interventricular septum.
What is Coronary Artery Disease? - ANSWER Narrowing or occlusion of coronary
arteries due to plaque buildup.
Describe coronary artery perfusion. - ANSWER When the valves collapse
(diastole), the coronary arteries fill with blood.
What is myocardial ischemia? - ANSWER Reduced blood supply to the
myocardium, limiting the muscle's ability to pump blood.
(d/t narrowed/blocked valves due to CAD)
What constitutes heart failure? - ANSWER When the heart can no longer pump
enough blood to meet the body's metabolic needs.
What are some non-cardiac explanations for ischemia? - ANSWER Anemia (lower
RBC count)
Hypotension (insufficient pressure to provide oxygenated blood to the
myocardium).
Hypoxia (oxygen deficiency).
, What are the modifiable risk factors? - ANSWER Hypertension.
Hyperlipidemia
Diet (lower salt, cholesterol)
Smoking
Obesity/inactivity
Depression/stress
What are the non-modifiable risks? - Answer Age
Gender
Race/ethnicity
Family history.
What is endothelial dysfunction? - ANSWER Type of CAD in which arteries thin
but no blockages form.
What are the causes of endothelial dysfunction? - ANSWER Uncontrolled diabetes
Hypertension
Hypercholesterolemia
Smoking
How can cold weather affect the heart? - ANSWER It is working harder to pump
oxygenated blood into tissues (to stay warm).
- Worsens during activity.
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