NSG 434 Childhood treatment Post Assessment Actual Final Exam Questions with all Questions Accurately Answered 2024/2025
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NSG 434 Childhood treatment Post Assessment Actual Final Exam Questions with all Questions Accurately Answered 2024/2025
HIV/AIDS - correct answer -life-threatening change in immune system
-HIV/AIDS constitute one the world's most costly and serious medical, public health, and social challen...
NSG 434 Childhood treatment Post Assessment
Actual Final Exam Questions with all Questions
Accurately Answered 2024/2025
HIV/AIDS - correct answer -life-threatening change in immune system
-HIV/AIDS constitute one the world's most costly and serious medical, public
health, and social challenges of our time.
-improved diagnosis and treatments increase life expectancy, making hiv/aids
a chronic condition rather than deadly
-although kids with hiv positive moms are usually born hiv positive, they often
become hiv negative because the babies make their own blood
-hiv moms are able to breastfeed: fix their milk so that it does not have hiv in it
-moms can't feed straight from the breast, but it is still their milk
-epidemiology:
Principle modes of transmission in pediatric population are
Mother to child and
Adolescent risky behavior (sexual activity and iv drug use)
-haart therapy (highly active antiretroviral therapy) prevents perinatal
transmission; given to mothers during prenatal period
-etiology: found in blood, semen, vaginal secretions, anal secretions, breast
milk; transmitted by lymphocytes and monocytes with an incubation or latency
period of months to years
-pathophysiology:
•virus takes over cd4+t lymphocytes
•cd4+t cell count drops, increasing risk of infections
-manifestations:
,•malnutrition, short stature, cardiomyopathy
•enlarged lymph nodes and spleen, oral candidiasis
-diagnosis:
•infants born to hiv + mothers will test positive because of the presence of
maternal antibodies derived transplacentally
•maternal antibodies may persist for up to 18 months in the infant; therefore,
other diagnostic tests are used - most commonly polymerase chain reaction
(pcr)
•early testing using recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa); a faster test
that only takes 20 minutes for results
•cdc classification system: system indicates severity of s/s and the degree of
immunosuppression.
Care management:
-education: transmission and control, standard precautions
-prevention counseling for adolescents
-pain management: due to infections; adverse effects of meds;
encephalopathy; deep musculoskeletal pain; various procedures
(venipunctures, lumbar punctures, biopsies, endoscopies)
-look at psychosocial aspects: stigma
-confidentiality
Scid (severe combined immunodeficiency disease) - correct answer -
absence of immunity, both humoral and cell-mediated
,-susceptible to infection early in life: most common manifestation; most often
occurs in the first months
-chronic infections, failure to completely recover from infections, frequent
reinfections, and infection with unusual agents
-failure to thrive is a consequence of the persistent illness
Treatment:
-treated with donor bone marrow transplant if diagnosed within the first 3
months of life
-ivig provides passive immunity until transplant performed
-prophylaxis
-key is to prevent infections and support child and family
-prognosis is very poor if bone marrow transplant not available
Technologic management of hematologic and immunologic disorders -
correct answer -blood transfusion:
•prbcs, platelets
•ffp and cryoprecipitate are other blood products
•be alert to transfusion reactions
•standard guidelines for all transfusion monitoring
•use infusion pump
-apheresis:
•removal of blood, separation of components, reinfuse portion
•used to remove and save platelets from healthy donors
Cancer - correct answer epidemiology and etiology of childhood cancer:
, -childhood cancer is rare: 16,400 cases/year
-cancer deaths: 1300 children younger than 15 each year
-incidence of cancer caused by direct inheritance is low
-chromosome abnormalities have been identified in many childhood
malignancies:
•can be confined to the tumor
•can all be present in all cells in the body
•can cause translocation (rearrangement of information between 2
chromosomes)
•can cause abnormal numbers of chromosomes
-the incidence of specific types of cancer can vary according to age, sex, and
race.
-boys have an overall higher incidence of cancer than females
-caucasian children have higher incidences of cancer than african american
children
-the incidence of cancer is more pronounced in children ages 0 to 4 years of
age and then again in adolescents 15 to 19 years of age
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