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Adult Echocardiography quiz solved 2024
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Adult Echocardiography quiz solved 2024
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Adult Echocardiography quiz solved 2024_____________ are the most common benign tumors of the cardiac valves. -
ANSWER-papillary fibroelastomas
______________ causes serotonin deposits on the tricuspid and pulmonary valves,
which lead to regurgitation. - ANSWER-Carcinoid syndrome
________________ can cause _______________ closure of the mitral valve. -
ANSWER-Increased left ventricular diastolic pressure , early
________________ is a term used to describe the absence of motion of a cardiac wall
segment. - ANSWER-Akinesis
_________________is used to estimate ________________ - ANSWER-Simpson rule,
left ventricular EF%
________________is the preferred method of diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis. -
ANSWER-cardiac catheterization
_______________can lead to premature closure of the ______________on m-mode -
ANSWER-severe mitral regurgitation, aortic valve - the aortic valve will close when the
pressure in the aortic root exceeds the pressure in the left ventricle.
Severe MR will cause the pressure in the LV to drop more rapidly as blood escapes into
the left atrium and the aortic root at the same time. This can lead to early closure of the
aortic valve than can be demonstrated on the m-mode tracing.
_______________is defined as an abnormal connection of the left subclavian vein to
the coronary sinus. - ANSWER-persistent left SVC
______________aortic dissection originates in the proximal ascending aorta and
extends into the descending portion. - ANSWER-DeBakey Type I
______________can lead to premature closure of the ______________on m-mode. -
ANSWER-severe aortic insufficiency, mitral valve
______________is the most common complication of an acute myocardial infarction. -
ANSWER-left ventricular aneurysm formation.
____________is a term used to describe the discordant motion of a cardiac wall
segment. - ANSWER-dyskinesis
___________aortic dissection originates in the proximal ascending aorta and is
confined to that portion of the aorta. - ANSWER-DeBakey Type II
,___________is a type of vasodilator that decreases venous return to the heart and
exacerbates mitral valve prolapse. - ANSWER-Amyl nitrite
________aortic dissection originates in the descending thoracic aorta and extends into
the abdominal portion. - ANSWER-DeBakey Type III
________refers to the congenital defect that occurs when the pulmonary artery forms
as a branch of the left ventricle and the aorta forms as a branch of the right ventricle. -
ANSWER-Transposition
_______is associated with syncope due to decreased oxygenated blood flow reaching
the brain. - ANSWER-Moderate / severe aortic stenosis.
_______is usually present in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
because of the pressure changes caused by obstruction to flow leaving the left ventricle
through the LVOT. - ANSWER-mitral regurgitation
2D evaluation demonstrates a dilated left ventricle with an EF of 80% and a 3.8 cm left
atrium. What will the color Doppler evaluation demonstrate to explain these findings? -
ANSWER-isolated moderate aortic regurgitation
2D evaluation demonstrates a dilated left ventricle with an EF of 80% and a 3.8cm left
atrium. What will the color Doppler evaluation demonstrate to explain these findings? -
ANSWER-isolated moderate aortic regurgitation
3D echocardiography would be most beneficial in an adult patient with: - ANSWER-an
atrial septal defect
3D echocardiography would be most beneficial in an adult patient with: - ANSWER-an
atrial septal defect
3D surface rendering is preferred for evaluating ______________, while 3D volume
rendering is preferred for ___________________. - ANSWER-valve characteristics,
segmental wall motion
A ______________ must be present in order to diagnose overriding aorta. - ANSWER-
VSD
A 1 cm round, solid hypoechoic tumor is attached to the chordae of the mitral valve in a
45yr old patient. The tumor is most likley: - ANSWER-papillary fibroelastoma - are the
most common valvular tumors in the heart and they commonly form on the MV leaflets
or related apparatus.
A 17-year-old patient presents with a history of mild pulmonic stenosis since childhood.
On today's exam you obtain the following findings:
systemic BP 120/80mmHg
,TV E velocity 1.5m.s
TV A velocity 1.0m/s
TR peak velocity 3m/s
PV peak velocity 2m/s
RVOT velocity 1m/s
Pulmonary insufficiency pressure half time 450ms What is the right ventricular systolic
pressure in this patient? - ANSWER-20mmHg
A 18yr old male patient presents for an echo due to occasional dyspnea and a
suspected tumor in the right ventricle seen on a recent CT scan of the chest. The chart
states that he has a history of systemic HTN and tuberous sclerosis. These clinical
findings are most suggestive of: - ANSWER-rhabdomyoma - is the most common
benign pediatric tumor. They are commonly identified in adults with tuberous sclerosis
and found in the right ventricle. 90% of these patients have multiple tumors.
A 1cm round, solid hypoechoic tumor is attached to the chordae of the mitral valve in a
45yr old patient. The tumor is most likely - ANSWER-papillary fibroelastoma
A 20yr old male presents for an echo due to shortness of breath and cyanosis. Which of
the following most likely explains these symptoms? - ANSWER-Tetralogy of Fallot - is
the most common cardiac cause of cyanosis in adults.
A 20yr old male presents for an echo with visible distension of the jugular veins. Which
of the following is the least likely cause for this symptom? - ANSWER-mitral stenosis
A 22yr old patient presents for an echo and you identify biventricular wall thickening,
mild pericardial effusion and thickening of the leaflets of all four valves. Which of the
following is the most likely cause for these findings? - ANSWER-amyloidosis -
biventricular wall thickening and thickening of all four valves should lead you to
considering an infiltrative disease such as amyloidosis.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can cause biventricular wall thickening but does not affect
the valves.
Carcinoid disease causes thickening of the valves but will not affect the wall thickness.
A 22yr old presents for a follow-up exam on a patent ductus arteriosus identified 6
months ago. Which of the following describes the Doppler information that must be
provided on today's exam to evaluate changes in flow volume in the systemic and
pulmonary systems? - ANSWER-time velocity interval of the RVOT and LVOT
A 26yr old patient presents with shortness of breath and decreased pedal pulses. You
identify supravalvular stenosis and coarctation of the aorta on an echo exam. These
findings are most suggestive of: - ANSWER-Takayasu arteritis - is a rare type of
vasculitis and causes blood vessel inflammation. It can lead to multiple areas of
stenosis at various locations within the aorta.
, A 28yr old male presents for an echo due to a systolic murmur and has no other cardiac
symptoms. Due to patient habitus, 2D imaging is significantly limited but the EF%
appears normal. The aortic valve velocity is 4m/s with a peak pressure gradient of
64mmHg, and no aortic insufficiency is detected. Which of the following is the most
likely etiology of the aortic stenosis? - ANSWER-Bicuspid aortic valve - congenital
malformation of the aortic valve is the most common cause of stenosis in younger
patients.
A 40yr old presents with a history of dyspnea and fatigue. She was recently treated for
alcoholism at a local inpatient center. What statement best describes the findings on the
video? - ANSWER-Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most likely decreased function.
A 42yr old male presents for an echocardiogram 2 weeks post pericardiectomy due to
constrictive pericarditis. What is an expected finding on the exam? - ANSWER-
increased cardiac motion in the chest - the pericardium helps to contain the cardiac
motion in the chest. When it removed, the heart can demonstrate increased motion
within the chest
A 42yr old patient presents for an echo due to a heart murmur. You identify mitral valve
prolapse and a bicuspid aortic valve. What other abnormality is commonly associated
with these findings? - ANSWER-coarctation
A 45yr old male presents for an echo to rule out Marfan syndrome. Which of the
following is an expected finding on the exam, if the exam is positive for Marfan
syndrome? - ANSWER-dilated aortic root and ascending aorta
A 48 old patient presents with a 2 week history of mild cyanosis of the nail beds and lips
+ edema of the legs and orthopnea. These findings are most suggestive of; - ANSWER-
congestive heart failure
A 50 yr old male presents with an intermittent non-specific chest pain. The EF% is 35%
and there is evidence of LV hypertrophy. The findings below are from the exam. What
grade of diastolic dysfunction does he have, if any?
E/A ratio 1.7
septal E'6cm/s lateral E'8cm/s
E/E' = 16
TR velocity = 3.1 m/s
LAVI =36ml/m2 - ANSWER-grade II
A 50 yr old male presents with intermittent non-specific chest pain. The EF% is 40%.
The E/A ratio is 2.2. What grade of diastolic dysfunction does he have, if any? -
ANSWER-grade III
A 50 yr old male presents with intermittent non-specific chest pain. The EF% is 60%
and there is no evidence of LV wall abnormalities. The findings below are from the
exam. What grade of diastolic dysfunction does he have, if any?
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