Davenport University NURS325: Mental Health Nursing -
Exam 5 Chapters 22, 27, 32, 33, 35 Questions With Complete
Solutions
A nurse is caring for a patient on the geriatric unit. The nurse
recognizes which of the following are associated with normal
aspects of aging? (Select all that apply)
a. Fat redistribution
b. Decreased visual acuity
c. Decreased sense of smell
d. Increased sensitivity to pain
e. Increase sense of taste Correct Answers A, B, C
An elderly client who lives with a caregiver is admitted to an
emergency department for a fractured arm. The client is soaked
in urine and has dried fecal matter on the lower extremities. The
client is 6 feet tall and weighs 120 pounds. Which condition
should the nurse suspect?
a. Self-care deficits
b. Delirium
c. Abuse or neglect or both
d. Caregiver role strain Correct Answers C
Describe age-related changes to the Cardiovascular System.
Correct Answers Decreased tolerance for exercise
Loss of conditioning
Overall decline in energy reserve
,Hypertrophy and loss of pacemaker cells
Decrease in maximal heart rate and diminished cardiac output
Describe age-related changes to the Endocrine System. Correct
Answers Decreased level of thyroid hormones = lowered basal
metabolic rate
Decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone = less efficient stress
response
Describe age-related changes to the Gastrointestinal System.
Correct Answers Loss of peristalsis in the stomach and
intestines
Gastric acid production decreases
Levels of intrinsic factor decrease = vitamin B12 malabsorption
Decrease in absorptive surface of the small intestine = decline in
nutrient absorption.
Describe age-related changes to the Genitourinary System.
Correct Answers Steady attrition of nephrons and sclerosis
within the glomeruli over time
Reduced glomerular filtration and tubular function
Describe age-related changes to the Immune System. Correct
Answers Thymus gland size decreases
Describe age-related changes to the Integumentary (Skin)
System. Correct Answers Loss of elastin in the skin
Changes in collagen causes aged skin to wrinkle and sag.
Excessive exposure to sunlight = increases the risk of
developing skin cancer.
Describe age-related changes to the Musculoskeletal System.
Correct Answers Loss of muscle mass (occurs more slowly in
men than in women)
Demineralization of the bones
Bone loss = women vulnerable to osteoporosis
Describe age-related changes to the Nervous System. Correct
Answers Brain weight decreases by 11 percent by age 85
Neuron loss = alterations in neurotransmitter release, uptake,
turnover, catabolism, or receptor functions
Describe age-related changes to the Respiratory System.
Correct Answers Diminished thoracic expansion
Increase in fibrous tissue and loss of elastin
, Decreased pulmonary vital capacity
Increased amount of residual air
Describe age-related changes to the Sensory System. Correct
Answers Visual acuity decreases
Presbyopia (blurred near vision) = loss of elasticity of the
crystalline lens = compromised accommodation.
Sensitivity to changes in sound discrimination decreases
-> High frequency is lost
Damage to the hair cells of the cochlea.
Taste sensitivity decline
-> Atrophy and loss of taste buds
Taste discrimination decreases
Bitter taste sensations predominate
Sensitivity to sweet and salty tastes is diminished
Loss of smell acuity
Sensitivity to touch and pain decline or change
Critical implications for the elderly in their potential inability to
respond to sensory warnings to escape serious injury
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