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ALU 201 Practice Test questions and answers graded A+ 2024/2025
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ALU 201 Practice Testachalasia
The failure of the esophageal sphincter to relax
pyrosis
A painful burning sensation in the chest caused by gastroesophageal reflux aka heartburn
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hiatial hernia
Sliding or axial hiatal hernia
paraesophageal hernia
odynophagia
Pain associated with dysphagia
causes of ulcers
Gastric cancer, NSAIDS, alcohol
proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
Supresses gastric acid secretions; also used for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Examples: Aciphex, Prevacid, Prilosec, Protonix
,Causes of Crohn's disease mortality
Malabsorption, bleeding, cancer
Malignant Pancreas tumor
MMost common type is pancreatic adenocarcinoma=high mortality rate
Causes of chronic and acute pancreatitis
Alcohol, blockage by gallstones, medications, infection, and autoimmune disease. Acute
pancreatitis has a high mortality rate
Pancreatitis can cause:
1. inadequate insulin production (diabetes)
2. inadequate digestive enzyme production (pancreatic insufficiency) which requires
treatment with oral digestive enzymes-creon, pancrease
3. fluid and debris adjacent to pancreas, forming a cyst-like mass (pseudocyst)
Esophageal manometry
pressure monitoring of the esophagus
GERD dx confirmed by
Endoscopy, x-ray studies, pH monitoring of the esophagus
GERD anti-reflux measures
avoid -citrus, tomatoes, fats, coffee, etoh, chocolate, cigarettes
restrict food intake several hours before reclining
raising the head of the bed
weight loss
Pancreas
Produces insulin and digestive enzymes
,Dx of Pancreatitis
Elevated serum amylase and lipase levels
imaging studies (u/s, CT, MRI, MRCP)
Hormone producing (endocrine) pancreas tumor
Gastrinomas (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)-Duodenal ulcers
Insulinomas-hypoglycemia
Vasoactive intestinal peptide producing tumors (VIPomas)-watery diarrhea
Crohn's disease is also called:
Granulomatous or Regional Enteritis
Crohn's most frequently affects:
the distal third of the small intestine and colon, but can affect any part of the gi tract
Etiology of Crohn's
unclear but felt to have an autoimmune basis
Ulcerative Colitis
Affects only the large intestine
Crohn's can affect the bowel:
in a non-continuous pattern, creating what is called skip lesions
Ulcerative colitis always involves
The rectum and is continuous until some proximal part of the large intestine
Crohn's affects all layers of the bowel and can therefore be complicated by:
Strictures, fistulas, abscesses
, Inflammation of ulcerative colitis is limited to:
Mucosa, therefore strictures, fistulas, abscesses don't occur unless there is concomitant
malignancy
granulomas (aggregates of giant cells)
Can be present in Crohn's, but not ulcerative colitis
Colectomy (removal of the colon)
Necessary once dysplasia is found to avoid future malignancy
Crohn's treatment
goal: remission.
meds: antibiotics, sulfasalazine, steroids
Infliximab (Remicade) newer med used for refractory Crohn's
Surgery for Crohn's
palliative and required to treat a complication of disease (fistula)
Surgery for ulcerative colitis
total colectomy, including rectal mucosa is curative
Ileostomy
procedure that required connecting the terminal ileum to an opening in the skin with an
external bag to collect fluid
Ileoanal anastomosis
Involves attaching the ileum to the anus with the creation of an internal pouch. This allows
for normal evacuation.
Crohn's mortality associated with:
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