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NURS 1020 Exam 2 (oxygenation, nutrition, perioperative nursing) (216 questions
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NURS 1020 Exam 2 (oxygenation, nutrition, perioperative nursing) (216 questions
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NURS 1020Exam 2
(oxygenation,
nutrition,
perioperative
nursing) (216
questions and
answers)
oxygenation concept review - answer -process of
providing oxygen to all cells
-O2 is obtained from atmospheric air
-transport through respiratory tract to alveoli
-diffuse O2 into blood to be carried to cells
,-ventilation (inspiration/expiration)
-respiration- exchange of O2 and CO2 at the
cellular level
-breathing is an autonomic process
-normal oxygenation depends on healthy
development and function of the respiratory
system, and perfusion
obstructive sleep apnea - answer a disorder in
which a person, while asleep, stops breathing
because his or her throat closes; the condition
results in frequent awakenings during the night
caused by:
-narrowing of air passages with relaxation of
muscle tone
-tongue falling backwards to partially or
completely obstruct the airway
-more common in men than in women, until
menopause, then incidence is just as likely
apnea - answer cessation of normal breathing
lasting at least 10-90 seconds
,-apnea and arousal episodes happen multiple times
hypopenia - answer shallow breathing
(30-50% reduced airflow)
how sleep apnea occurs - answer A, The patient
predisposed to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has
a small pharyngeal airway.
B, During sleep, the pharyngeal muscles relax,
allowing the airway to close. Lack of airflow results
in repeated apneic episodes.
C, With CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure
splints the airway open, preventing airflow
obstruction.
manifestations of sleep apnea - answer -frequent
arousals during sleep
-insomnia
-excessive daytime sleepiness
-witnessed apneic episodes
-snoring
, -morning headache- increased BP
-irritability
-personality changes
complications related to sleep apnea - answer -
hypertension
-cardiac changes
-poor concentration/memory
-impotence
-depression
-diagnosis based on medical and sleep history, PSG
-OSA is defined as more than 5 hypoapneic events
per hour acompanied by 3-4% decrease in O2 sat
-severa apneia can be from 30-50 events
mild sleep apnea - answer -positional (sleeping on
1 side)
-elevating head of bed
-avoid sedatives and alcohol 3-4 hours before sleep
-obesity- pressure of adipose tissue in neck,
restricts ventilation
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