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BS 161 Exam 2 Exam Prep Questions And Answers ()
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BS 161 Exam 2 Exam Prep Questions And Answers (202472025)Kinetic Energy - ✔✔Energy in motion
Potential Energy - ✔✔Stored energy
Oxidation - ✔✔When an atom/molecule loses an electron, lower energy levels
Reduction - ✔✔When an atom/molecule gains an electron, higher energy levels
Thermodynamics - ✔✔Branch of chemistry concerned with chemistry changes; all cells
governed by these laws
First Law of Thermodynamics - ✔✔Energy cannot be created or destroyed, can only change
forms
Second Law of Thermodynamics - ✔✔Entropy is continuously increasing, disorder is more
likely than order
Entropy - ✔✔The disorder in the universe
Free Energy - ✔✔The amount of energy available to break/form other bonds; the energy
available to do work in any system
Endergonic Reactions - ✔✔Products contain more free energy than their reactants; do not
proceed spontaneously due to the need for an input of energy. +DG
Exergonic Reactions - ✔✔Reactants contain more free energy than their products; proceed
spontaneously due to no need for an input of energy. -DG
ATP Potential Energy - ✔✔Phosphate groups of ATP are highly negatively charged and repel
each other. Through electrostatic repulsion, covalent bonds are formed, bringing the phosphate
, groups together. Bringing the negatively charged groups creates a high degree of potential
energy. When covalent bonds are broken, much energy is released.
Catalysts - ✔✔Increase the rate of chemical reactions by influencing chemical bonds in a way
that lowers activation energy
Enzymes - ✔✔Lower activation energy by binding to a substrate and holding it in a way that
lowers its activation energy; both must be in the correct orientation. Require very little, and are
reusable
Problems with Enzymes - ✔✔Can be impacted by inhibitors which decrease its activity
Active Sites - ✔✔Where the substrates bind to the enzymes to form a substrate-enzyme
complex, must be a perfect fit with specific enzymes for the catalysis to work
Substrate Binding SItes - ✔✔Very broad and can have a wide variety of proteins bind to it to
make the catalysis work
Non Protein Enzymes - ✔✔RNA molecules can also be use to catalyze reactions; found in
reactions that involve RNA
Inhibitor - ✔✔Substance that binds to an enzyme to decrease its activity
Competitive Inhibitors - ✔✔Compete with the substrate for the same active site, preventing the
substrate from binding
Non Competitive Inhibitors - ✔✔Bind to enzyme location other than the active site, changing its
shape
Enzyme pH - ✔✔They prefer a level of 5-9, being most efficient at about 7; a reading outside
this range could impact the binding to the substrate, and the ionization of the substrate.
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