Merrill - ANSWER created a curriculum that integrated academic, technical, and
vocational instruction.
Parsons - ANSWER: "Father of vocational guidance"
Credited for launching the "guidance movement"
His seminal work was "Choosing A Vocation"; he also published "History of
Vocational Guidance"
developed a trait and factor approach, emphasizing:
-Development of self-understanding
grasp the world of work (requirements and remuneration opportunities)
-true reasoning (the ability to make career decisions based on an awareness of
oneself and knowledge of the world).
Williamson - ANSWER established the Minnesota Viewpoint.
-created a directional counselling style in which counsellors convey their views
SUPER - ANSWER Lifespan Life-Space Career Theory
-Life stages and developing career tasks.
-life roles influence career choices.
- promotes self-concept.
(MEMORY DEVICE: self-concept and Super both start with "s")
,Criteria - ANSWER created the career maturity inventory.
Holland - ANSWER Vocational selection based on personality and work
environment categories that match the person to the environment.
Six personality types: RIASEC
Krumboltz - ANSWER created the social learning theory for career counselling.
Career decisions are a lifelong process.
Harris-Bowlsbey - ANSWER designed computerized vocational systems.
NBCC - Answer National Board of Certified Counselors
National Career Development Association - ANSWER.
ANSWER Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938.
(FLSA) - ANSWER established a national minimum wage, and minimum overtime
rules, and barred the employment of minors.
The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA) provides for safe and
healthy working environments.
Section 504 - ANSWER: Discrimination against people with disabilities in
federally supported or funded programs
,Family Medical Leave Act of 1993 - ANSWER 12 weeks unpaid sick
leave—ensures employees will not lose their jobs.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) of 2004 -
ANSWER assures that children with disabilities receive special education and other
services related to their needs; and specifies transition services to support the shift
from school to work.
Job - A position that demands a certain talent.
occupation - ANSWER principal activity that occupies one's time (occupation
exists whether a person is employed or not)
Career - ANSWER - life pursuits
-the total effort done in a lifetime plus leisure.
work - ANSWER activities that serve as one's regular source of livelihood and are
related to employment position.
function overload occurs when expectations exceed an individual's time, energy,
and capacity to perform the function successfully.
role conflict - ANSWER how the demands of the roles conflict with one another,
especially with incompatible roles (job and family).
role overflow - ANSWER the transfer of one's role duties to another role
career salience - ANSWER the importance that an individual sets on the role of
career in relation to other life roles
, ANSWER 1: Participation--spending time and energy in a work function.
2. Commitment-an emotional tie to the work function.
3-value expectation-the happiness acquired from the vocational decisions and
activities one makes over the course of one's lifetime
work values - ANSWER requirements that a work environment should reinforce to
ensure fulfillment
intrinsic rewards derived from job satisfaction.
extrinsic rewards for performing the work (pay).
stated professional goals - vocal ANSWER: I want to be a counselor.
Manifested professional interests - ANSWER activities that people participate
(A musician could wish to play the piano.)
tested professional interests - ANSWER individual's knowledge of a given field is
measured by objective tests.
(A person who wishes to be a counselor must pass an exam.)
Trait and Type Theories
Premise
Founder
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