HCV RNA (PCR) - current infection (antibody +/PCR - = past infection)
HCV genotype - guides treatment (Type 1 - poor response - 12 months of treatment vs. Type 3 - good
response - 6 months treatment)
HCV treatment - Interferon
Ribavirin
HCV DNA to assess response
HIV clinical features - Immunosuppression due to reduction in T cell function
Primary HIV: 10-25 days post exposure - glandular fever like illness, lymphadenopathy, rash, fever
AIDs: Meant time from exposure to AIDS ~8years - opportunistic infections, weight loss
Key opportunistic infections in HIV - CMV (Retinitis)
, EBV (Lymphoma)
JC polyomavirus (encephalopathy)
Mycobacteria (TB)
Toxoplasma (CNS infection)
Cryptosporidia (Blood diarrhoea)
Candida (Oesophageal infection)
Pneumocystis (Pneumonia)
Cryptococcus neoformans (Meningitis)
HIV diagnosis - Presence of HIV antibody - ELISA
HIV treatment - Antiretroviral therapy (ART) - suppression rather than cure
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
HIV assess response to treatment - Viral load
CD4 lymphocyte count
Mutational analysis for drug resistance
HIV mother to baby transmission prevention - C-section
ART to mother and baby
Avoidance of breast feeding
Reduces transmission from 16-1%
Causes of bacterial diarrhoea - Campylobacter (assoc. with Guillain Barre)
Salmonella
Shigella
E.coli
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