NUR 232 Exam 1
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1. What age is Birth to 1 year of age: The first and most important at-
Erikson's Trust tribute to develop for a healthy personality is basic trust.
versus Mistrust Establishment of trust dominates the first year of life and
stage of develop- describes all of the child's satisfying experiences at this
ment? age. Corresponding to Freud's oral stage, it is a time of
"getting" and "taking in" through all the senses. It exists
only in relation to something or someone; therefore, con-
sistent, loving care by a mothering person is essential for
development of trust.
2. What age is Erik- 1 to 3 years of age: The development of autonomy during
son's Autonomy the toddler period is centered on children's increasing
versus Shame ability to control their bodies, themselves, and their en-
and Doubt stage vironment. They want to do things for themselves using
of development? their newly acquired motor skills of walking, climbing, and
manipulating and their mental powers of selecting and
decision making. Much of their learning is acquired by
imitating the activities and behavior of others.
3. What age is 3 to 6 years of age.
Erikson's Initia-
tive versus Guilt
stage of develop-
ment?
4. What age is 6 to 12 years of age.
Erikson's Indus-
try versus Inferi-
ority stage of de-
velopment?
5. What age is 12 to 18 years of age.
Erikson's Identi-
ty versus Role
Confusion stage
of development?
6. What age is an In- Birth through 12 months.
fant?
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, NUR 232 Exam 1
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7. What age is a 12 months through 36 months.
Toddler?
8. What age is a 36 months through 5 years.
Preschooler?
9. What age is 5 years through 12 years.
School age?
10. What age is Ado- 12 years through 18 years.
lescence?
11. What are 1.) Socializing
the communica- 2.) Giving unrestricted and sometimes unsought advice.
tion barriers that 3.) Offering premature or inappropriate reassurance.
pertain to the 4.) Giving over ready encouragement.
nurse? 5.) Defending a situation or opinion.
6.) Using stereotyped comments or cliches.
7.) Limiting expression of emotion by asking directed,
closed-ended questions.
8.) Interrupting and finishing the person's sentence.
9.) Talking more than the interviewee.
10.) Forming prejudged conclusions.
11.) Deliberately changing the focus.
12. What are 1.) Allow children time to feel comfortable.
the guidelines 2.) Avoid sudden or rapid advances, broad smiles, extend-
for communicat- ed eye contact, and other gestures that may be seen as
ing with chil- threatening.
dren? 3.) Talk to the parent if the child is initially shy.
4.) Communicate through transition objects (such as dolls,
puppets, and stuffed animals) before questioning a young
child directly.
5.) Give older children the opportunity to talk without the
parents present.
6.) Assume a position that is at eye level with the child.
7.) Speak in a quiet, unhurried, and confident voice.
8.) Speak clearly, be specific, and use simple words and
short sentences.
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