ABSC 160 Chapter 2- Theories of Development Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
ABSC 160
Institution
ABSC 160
Developmental theory a model of development based on observations that allows us to make predictions
Theories in any science serve two important functions: They help us _____________ the knowledge that we already have and they help us make ______________ that we then can investigate and test. orga...
ABSC 160 Chapter 2- Theories of
Development Practice Questions and
Correct Answers
Developmental theory ✅a model of development based on observations that allows us
to make predictions
Theories in any science serve two important functions: They help us _____________
the knowledge that we already have and they help us make ______________ that we
then can investigate and test. ✅organize; predictions
Research cannot tell us whether a theory is true or false. T/F ✅True
Theories that describe changes due to genetic and/or cognitive changes use _____.
✅An internal process
A child who acts out as a result of a traumatic experience would MOST likely be
explained in developmental theories as changing due to ______. ✅an external process
Which is one of the two functions for scientific theories, including developmental
theories? ✅make predictions
Psychoanalytic theory ✅Freud's theory in which the way we deal with biological urges
moves us through a series of stages that shape our personalities.
Id ✅According to psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality that consists of the
basic drives, such as sex and hunger. Infants want what they want when they want it.-
Freud. "I want all this candy right now"
Ego ✅The part of the personality that contends with the reality of the world and
controls the basic drives. Become aware of the reality of the world around them and
begin to develop the ability to think and control their emotions. This ability to negotiate
between the demands of basic drives and the real world. "Lots of candy will make me
sick. One lollipop will be all right."
Superego ✅Freud's concept of the conscience or sense of right and wrong. Children
begin to incorporate moral principles that work against the drive-motivated functioning of
the id. Freud believed that children do not have any conscience or internal sense of guilt
that guides their actions until they develop a superego. "A good girl wants to eat
vegetables, not candy."
, Freud believed our most basic drive is the ___ drive. ✅sex
Unconscious mind ✅the part of our mind of which we are unaware. Freud believed our
thoughts about sexuality where hidden here.
Psychosexual stages ✅Freud's idea that at each stage sexual energy is invested in a
different part of the body, and gratification of the urges associated with those areas of
the body is particularly pleasurable. Freud believed that the way these urges are
handled during each of these stages determines the nature of an adult's personality and
character.
Psychosocial stages ✅Erikson's stages based on a central conflict to be resolved
involving the social world and the development of identity.
Erikson's theory is that he believed development does not stop in ____________. He
went beyond Freud's stages to add three stages of adulthood. ✅adolescence
To understand how and why children develop the way they do, it is not enough simply to
_______ them ✅observe
Tenets (Principles) of Developmental Theory ✅#1 Development is continuous.
Development builds on earlier experiences. To give a speech, you need to learn how to
speak, to work through thoughts, gross and motor skills. Also, marathon takes a lot of
work over time and you need a lot of skills.
#2 Development is not a constant process. A child can't walk but can suddenly take
their first step. Not uncommon.
#3 Development is non linear- Waxing and waning of patterns. For example: early
vocabulary growth and growth of teeth. Teething, then not teething, then teething. Good
sleep one night vs not good sleep another night.
#4 Description is not enough we need an explanation. Description=what happens.
Explanation= why and how it happens.
#5 Nature and Nurture play a role. Identical twins separated at birth or identical vs
fraternal twins.
Theory ✅describes factors responsible for scientific observations. When many
scientists discover the same scientific fact across time, researchers, and experiments,
than it is a theory.
9 criteria for evaluating theories ✅accuracy- does the theory describe actual events?
Do this through observation.
Clarity- does the theory provide a clear explanation, such that a competent person
would understand it?
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