Unit 3 ABSC 160 Exam Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
ABSC 160
Institution
ABSC 160
Language a system of symbols that is used to communicate with others or in our thinking
Knowledge transforming a style of writing (typical of older children and adolescents) in which the goal is to convey a deeper understanding of a subject by taking information and transforming it into ideas that...
Unit 3 ABSC 160 Exam Questions and
Correct Answers
Language ✅a system of symbols that is used to communicate with others or in our
thinking
Knowledge transforming ✅a style of writing (typical of older children and adolescents)
in which the goal is to convey a deeper understanding of a subject by taking information
and transforming it into ideas that can be shared with the reader so that reader
understands and learns from those ideas
Emergent literacy ✅the set of skills that develop before children begin formal reading
instruction, which provide the foundation for later academic skills
Whole object bias ✅an assumption made by language learners that a words described
an entire object rather than just a portion of it
Taxonomic constraint ✅an assumption language learners make that two objects that
have features in common can have a name in common, but that each object can have
its own individual name
Dysgraphia ✅a learning disability characterized by difficulties with writing, including
trouble with spelling, handwriting, or expressing thoughts on paper
Child-directed speech ✅speech that is tailored to fit the sensory and cognitive
capabilities of infants and children so that is holds their attention; includes speaking in a
higher pitch with exaggerated intonation and a singsong rhythm and using a simplified
vocabulary
Broca's area ✅the part of the brain that is involved int he physical production of speech
Pragmatics ✅the rules that guide how we use language in social situations
Cooing ✅soft vowel sounds, such as ooh and aah
Metalinguistic abilities ✅the abilities to think about and talk about language
Immersion programs ✅programs in which English language learners are taught
academic subjects in English
Transitional probability ✅the likelihood that one particular sound will follow another one
to form a word
,Semantic bootstrapping ✅the use of conceptual categories to create grammatical
categories
Phonics approach ✅an approach to teaching reading that starts with basic elements
like letters and phonemes and teaches children that phonemes can be combined into
words before moving on to reading as a whole
Semantics ✅the study of the meanings of words
Egocentric speech ✅a limitation of young children's communication due to their
inability to take the perspective of other people into account
Nativism ✅a theory of language development that hypothesizes that human brains are
innately wired to learn language and that hearing spoken language triggers the
activation of a universal grammar
Morpheme ✅the smallest unit of language that has meaning and may be a part of a
word
Phonological awareness ✅learning to recognize letters of the alphabet and the sounds
associated with each of them
Pragmatic communication disorder ✅a language disorder in which the child has
difficulty with verbal and non-verbal communication
Syntactic bootstrapping ✅the use of syntax to learn the meaning of new words
Receptive language ✅the ability to understand words or sentences
Overregularization ✅a type of grammatical error in which children apply a language
rule to words that don't follow that rule or pattern
Developmental bilingual programs ✅programs in which English language learners
receive instruction in core subjects in their native language until they have the skills to
be instructed in English
Mutual exclusivity constraint ✅an assumption made by language learners that there is
one and only one name for an object
Cognitive processing theory ✅the theory that learning language is a process of "data
crunching", in which that actual process of learning words and their meanings relies on
the computational ability of the human brain
, Balanced reading approach ✅an approach to teaching reading that combines
elements of the whole language approach (which emphasizes comprehension and
meaning) with elements of the phonics approach (which emphasizes decoding of
words)
Universal grammar ✅a hypothesized set of grammatical rules and constraints
proposed by Chomsky that is thought to underlie all languages and that is hardwired in
the human brain
Echolalia ✅a condition seen in autistic children in which they repeat what has been
said to them instead of responding appropriately
Whole language instruction ✅a way to teach reading that emphasizes understanding
the meaning of words from the context in which they appear
Expressive language ✅the written or spoken language that we use to convey our
thoughts, emotions, or needs
Asperger's disorder ✅a disorder at the mild end of the autism spectrum, marked by a
relatively high level of functioning but repetitive routines, inappropriate social and
emotional behavior, and uncoordinated motor movements
Fast mapping ✅a process by which children apply constraints and their knowledge of
grammar to learn new words very quickly, often after a single exposure
Dyslexia ✅a learning disability in which individuals have difficulty distinguishing or
separating the sounds in spoken words, creating problems with spelling and reading
Constraints ✅assumptions that language learners make that limit the alternative
meanings that they attribute to new words
Morphology ✅the way words are formed from the sounds of a language and how these
words are related to other words
Phonology ✅the study of the sounds of a language
Syntax ✅the grammar of a language
Knowledge telling ✅a style of writing (typical of younger children) in which the writer
proceeds with little or no evidence of planning or organization of ideas, with the goal of
telling as much as he knows about the topic
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