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Which medication would the nurse identify as a potential cause for the formation of abnormally
small eyes in the newborn if used during pregnancy?
a. estrogens
b. nitrofurantoin
c. methotrexate
d. valproic acid
- ANSWERS-b. nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin, an antimicrobial medication, causes formation of abnormally small eyes in the
newborn. Sex hormone supplements, such as estrogens, may cause congenital defects of
female reproductive organs. Methotrexate can cause congenital abnormalities (central nervous
system and limbs malformations) and fetal death. Valproic acid is high teratogenic and cause
neural tube defects, atrial septal defect, cleft palate, hypospadias, polydactyly, and
craniosynostosis.
The nurse understands which antihypertensive medication is contraindicated in lactating
women?
a. atenolol
b. labetalol
c. metoprolol
d. propranolol
- ANSWERS-a. atenolol
,Atenolol is contraindicated in lactating women because it enters the breastmilk and may cause
adverse effects to the neonate. Labetalol and propanolol are safe to administer during
lactation. Metoprolol is considered a safe medication to be taken during lactation
Which hormone levels do not require monitoring during the ministration of menotropins for
infertility?
a. estrogen
b. luteinizing hormone
c. follicle-stimulating hormone
d. gonadotropin-releasing hormone
- ANSWERS-d. gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Menotropins that are administered for infertility act at the pituitary level. Gonadotropin-
releasing hormones act at the hypothalamus level; therefore this hormone does not need to be
monitored. Menotropins is a standardized mixture of follicle-stimulating hormone and
luteinizing; these hormones should be monitored. Also, estrogen levels need to be monitored
because the luteinizing hormone directly stimulates the production of estrogen
Which birth control agent requires administration once every three months?
A. Progestin-only pills
B. Intramuscular progestin
C. Combination biphasic forms
D. Combination monophasic forms
- ANSWERS-b. intramuscular progestin
Intramuscular progestin requires the administration of a single injection every three months.
Progressed-only oral contraceptive pills should be taken on a daily basis because of a higher
incidence of ovulatory cycles. Combination biphasic and monophasic forms are administered as
either a 21 or 28 day course.
, Which medication with the nurse identify as being used both for cervical ripening during labor
and has a stomach protectant?
a. raloxifene
b. clomiphene
c. misoprostol
d. dinoprostone
- ANSWERS-c. misoprostol
Misoprostol can be used for cervical ripening and as a stomach protectant. Raloxifene is used to
prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis. Clomiphene is used for ovulation. Dinoprostone can be
used for cervical ripening, but this medication does not act as a stomach protectant.
Which effect with the nurse identify as seen when the fetus is exposed to a teratogen during
embryonic period?
a. delay in growth
b. gross malformations
c. death of the conceptus
d. disruption of brain development
- ANSWERS-b. gross malformations
Gross malformations occur if there is exposure to a teratogen during the embryonic period or
the first trimester. During the fetal period, exposure to a teratogen causes delays in growth and
development of the fetus. Death of the conceptus occurs if exposed to a lethal dose of
teratogen during the pre-implantation period. Exposure to a teratogen during the fetal period
(second or third trimester) causes disruption of brain development.
Which medication may be used to treat postpartum hemorrhage?
a. clomiphene
b. menotropins
c. dinoprostone
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