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Nur 213: Exam 1- Questions With Complete Solutions
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Nur 213: Exam 1- Questions With Complete Solutions
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Nur 213: Exam 1- Questions With Complete SolutionsExplain the layers of the heart Right Ans -
Name the major arteries of the heart Right Ans - -Aorta
-R coronary (from aorta)
-R marginal coronary (bottom R)
-Posterior descending coronary (mid R)
-L main coronary (behind pulm art)
-Circumflex coronary (from L across back)
-L descending coronary
-Peripheral branches
Arteries of the heart pic Right Ans -
What is the difference between S1/S2 & S3, S4? Right Ans - S1 & S2 = "Lub
dub"
S3 = "extra beat after" . ..
S4 = "early beat" .. .
,S3 and S4 heart sounds Right Ans -
Explain the components of cardiac conduction Right Ans - -Sinoatrial node
(SAN) (top RA)
-Atrioventricular node (AVN) (bottom RA)
-Bundle of His (between atriums)
-Right bundle branch (RBB)
(between ventricles on R side)
-L bundle branch (LBB)
(between ventricles on L side)
-L anterior fascicle (LAF) (middle L vent)
-L posterior fascicle (LPS) (lower L vent)
-Purkinje fibers (PF) (ventricle walls)
Cardiac conduction pic Right Ans –
What is cardiac output (CO) refer to? Right Ans - -Volume of blood pumped
by ventricle in 1 min
-Normal adult CO 4-6L/min
-Stroke volume (SV) amount of blood pumped in 1 heartbeat
CO = SV x HR
,What does preload refer to? Right Ans - -volume of blood returning to
heart
-L ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP)
-Central venous pressure (CVP)
What does afterload refer to? Right Ans - -Resistance that the ventricles
must overcome to eject blood
-Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
Preload vs afterload pic Right Ans -
How does gender play a role in cardiac disease? Right Ans - Women hearts:
-Smaller size, narrow coronary arteries
-Cardioprotective effects of estrogen: higher HDL, lower LDL, vasodil
-Post menopausal CAD risk = out between men & women
Explain a chest pain assessment Right Ans - -Location of chest pain doesn't
correlate w/ its cause
-Duration or intensity of pain does not predict seriousness
-Angina: Stable or unstable
-"Classic" - L sub sternal radiation to neck & down L arm
-Can also occur on R side radiating down R arm
-Jaw, back or epigastric
-Pressure, discomfort, squeezing, fullness
-+/- nausea / V, diaphoresis, dyspnea, fatigue
Chest Pain Assessment (PQRST) pic Right Ans -
, What is typical to see with pericarditis pain? Right Ans - -Sub sternal or
epigastric
-Sharp / severe
-Radiates down neck, arms, back
-Sudden
-Worse w/ coughing, swallowing, inspiration, turning trunk
-Alleviated by sitting up*
Pericarditis pain pic Right Ans –
What is typical to see with pulmonary pain? Right Ans - -Substernal or
epigastric
-Typically from inferior part of lungs
-Sharp / severe
-Worse w/ inspiration, coughing, turning, lying down**
What is typical to see with esophageal pain? Right Ans - -Sharp, burning,
heavy
-Radiates to neck, arm & shoulder
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