Bio 141 PVCC Lecture Digestion Test Questions and Answers
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Bio 141 PVCC Lecture Digestion
Institution
Bio 141 PVCC Lecture Digestion
Bio 141 PVCC Lecture Digestion Test Questions and Answers
Swallowing center - Answer-pair of nuclei in medulla oblongata that coordinates swallowing
Three phases of deglutition - Answer-Oral phase, Pharyngeal phase, Esophageal phase
Oral phase - Answer-The tongue forms a food bolus and pu...
Bio 141 PVCC Lecture Digestion Test
Questions and Answers
Swallowing center - Answer-pair of nuclei in medulla oblongata that coordinates
swallowing
Three phases of deglutition - Answer-Oral phase, Pharyngeal phase, Esophageal phase
Oral phase - Answer-The tongue forms a food bolus and pushes it into the
laryngopharynx
Pharyngeal phase - Answer-The palate, tongue, vocal cords, & epiglottis block the
oral/nasal cavities and airway while pharyngeal constrictors push the bolus into
esophagus
rugae - Answer-the folds in the mucosa lining the stomach
Gastric pits - Answer-depressions in gastric mucosa lined with simple columnar
epithelium
Mucous cells - Answer-secrete mucus
•Predominate in cardiac and pyloric glands
Regenerative (stem) cells - Answer-found in base of pit and in neck of gland
Parietal cells - Answer-found mostly in upper ½ of gland
•Secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl), intrinsic factor, & a hunger hormone, ghrelin
Chief cells - Answer-most numerous
•Secrete gastric lipase & pepsinogen (active form = pepsin)
•Dominate lower half of gastric glands
•Absent from pyloric and cardiac glands
liver - Answer-made up of hepatic lobules
hepatic lobules - Answer-tiny cylinders that fill the interior of the liver
Central vein - Answer-passes down the core of the liver
Hepatocytes - Answer-cuboidal cells surrounding central vein in radiating sheets or
plates
, Hepatic macrophages - Answer-(Kupffer cells): phagocytic cells in the sinusoids that
remove bacteria and debris from the blood
Hepatic sinusoids - Answer-blood-filled channels that fill spaces between the plates
Hepatocytes function - Answer-•After a meal, hepatocytes absorb from the blood:
glucose, amino acids, iron, vitamins, and other nutrients for metabolism or storage
•Between meals, hepatocytes break down stored glycogen & release glucose into blood
•Remove and degrade: hormones, toxins, bile pigments, and drugs
•Secrete into the blood: albumin, lipoproteins, clotting factors, angiotensinogen, & other
products
•Secrete bile into bile ductules
Gallbladder - Answer-a pear-shaped sac on underside of liver
•Serves to store and concentrate bile by absorbing water and electrolytes
•Bile fills the gallbladder when the hepatopancreatic sphincter is closed
•About 10 cm long
•Internally lined by highly folded mucosa with simple columnar epithelium
Bile - Answer-yellow-green fluid containing minerals, cholesterol, neutral fats,
phospholipids, bile pigments, and bile acids
Bilirubin - Answer-principal pigment derived from the decomposition of hemoglobin
urobilinogen - Answer-Bacteria in large intestine metabolize bilirubin to
•Responsible for the brown color of feces
Ingestion - Answer-selective intake of food
Digestion - Answer-mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into a form usable by
the body
Absorption - Answer-uptake of nutrient molecules into the epithelial cells of the digestive
tract and then into the blood and lymph
Compaction - Answer-absorbing water and consolidating the indigestible residue into
feces
Defecation - Answer-Elimination of feces
Mechanical digestion - Answer-the physical breakdown of food into smaller particles
Chemical digestion - Answer-series of hydrolysis reactions that breaks dietary
macromolecules into their monomers
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