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BBH 311 Quiz Two Questions and Correct Answers

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  • Course
  • BBH 311
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  • BBH 311

Important mechanism for those who experience adverse health outcomes cortisol How is cortisol released? glucocorticoid that is released by the adrenal glands when activated by stress. Important for establishing homeostasis after exposure to a stressor Diurnal pattern cortisol levels high in the m...

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  • August 25, 2024
  • 13
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • BBH 311
  • BBH 311
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BBH 311 Quiz Two Questions and
Correct Answers
Important mechanism for those who experience adverse health outcomes ✅cortisol

How is cortisol released? ✅glucocorticoid that is released by the adrenal glands when
activated by stress. Important for establishing homeostasis after exposure to a stressor

Diurnal pattern ✅cortisol levels high in the morning and decrease throughout the day

Cortisol sensitivity ✅more strongly predictive of glucocorticoid resistance and negative
health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, type 2
diabetes, and metabolic syndrome than total cortisol output

Heart rate variability (hrv) ✅the variation in time between heart beats

How vagus nerve affects heart rate ✅when stimulated helps activate the
parasympathetic nervous system
More variability=more parasympathetic influence

Vagus nerve stimulation ✅can be external or internally planted

Vagus nerve activity ✅difference between baseline and stress-induced may be
important

Vagus nerve stimulation benefits ✅reduce depression, lower inflammation

Vagus nerve stimulation barriers ✅cough
Hoarseness
Voice alteration
Parathesias (i.e., tingling/"pins and needles" sensation)
Rejection of device at site of insertion

Self-regulatory strength and hrv ✅may help to combat up regulation of hostile
thougths/feelings

Other ways to measure hrv ✅photoplethysmography - led lights

Electrocardiogram (ecg) -measures electrical impulses of the heart.
More accurate if there are electrodes on both sides of the body.
More accurate that ppg in general.
Particularly when hr is very high.

, Hostility and health ✅inconsistent findings between hostility and health

Cook-medley hostility scale ✅hrv baseline and stress induced hrv are measured using
three electrocardiogram leads

Cortisol is taken ca a salivette devices immediately before, and after a stress task then
every ten minutes for a 50 minute period

Results for correspondence of high hostility and cortisol (stress-induced) ✅no
relationship for people with high stress induced hf-hrv, however for people that have low
stressed induced hf-hrv there is a correlation between cortisol and hostility

Some hostile people can do what ✅regulate negative emotions so that they do not
experience maladaptive physiological consequences

What is inconsistent with health ✅hostility

Elevated placental corticotropin (crh) is associated with what ✅child obesity (fetal
programming of children's obesity risk)

Normally crh does what ✅reduces obesity

Maternal inflammation during pregancy and newborn telomere length ✅higher tnf-a/il-
10 ratio associated with shorter telomeres

Bottle vs. Breast feeding ✅bottle feeding is associated with metabolic syndrome and
programming due to earlier growth acceleration and intervention that can be used are
ideal bottle feeding

Child genetics and parenting behavior ✅the biological parents can influence the
behavior of a child that is adopted, thus influencing the adoptive parents behavior

Early-life stress ✅influence adult health in a number of different pathways even when
controlling for ses, including telomere length

Affect of low ses in children ✅leads to shorter telomeres and increased risk of infection

Peer relationships friendships and romantic relationship ✅high status-protected
against depression, low status (relational victimization, negative qualities within best
friendships, and negative romantic relationship predicted depressive symptoms

Parents relationship history and young adult romantic relationships ✅divorce causes
people to think negatively about marriage, parental conflict can lead to conflict in your
relationhships

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