RN-BC A+ Graded Exam With 100%
Correct And Verified Answers
Hypovolemia (Extracellular Fluid Deficit) Lab
Findings - Correct Answer-Increased Urine
Specific Gravity, Increase Hgb & Hct,
Increased BUN and Creatinine. Increased
BUN and CR because less blood flow to them,
increases with injury...Lower BUN levels can
indicate: liver failure. malnutrition. severe
lack of protein in the diet.
Hypovolemia Etiology - Correct Answer-
Diabetes Insipidus (peeing a LOT), osmotic
diuresis, diuretic use, clotting disorders, GI
ulcers, esophageal varicosities, hemorrhoids,
ruptured vascular sources
Hypovolemia Complications - Correct Answer-
Decreased Cardiac Output and poor perfusion
of tissues, hypovolemic shock
Hypervolemia Etiology - Correct Answer-
Excessive hypotonic (hypO cells swell) or
isotonic IV fluids, primary polydipsia, cushing
syndrome, SIADH (retaining water) ,
Corticosteriod use, ADH and aldosterone
release, excessive sodium intake(retains
water), renal failure(retains water), heart
failure(retains water)
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,Hypervolemia Lab Findings - Correct Answer-
decreased BUN ( kidneys and liver function,
BUN measures te amount of urea nitrogen
that's in your blood.), decreased Hgb,
decreased Hct, decreased serum osmolality,
decreased urine specific gravity
Hypervolemia Complications - Correct
Answer-Increased cardiac workload and
cardiac failure, pulmonary edema and
impaired gas exchange, pulmonary edema
and ascites causes skin breakdown
Hispanic - Correct Answer-Catholicism, may
avoid eye contact, extended family may make
decisions, prayer and folk remedies common
Black or African American - Correct Answer-
displays of emotional acceptance, discuss
issues with eldest, pain reported but fearful
of addiction, home remedies, do not report
depression, afterlife, disparity in minority of
healthcare workers could be a barrier
Chinese American - Correct Answer-Buddhist
and Christian religions, avoid eye contact,
family makes decisions (patient passive),
communication with family may appear loud
and argumentive, may not report pain,
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,Chinese medicines and accpuncture, may
believe in afterlife
Native American - Correct Answer-May not
openly express religion, belief systems vary
among tribes, stoicism common, avoid eye
contact, traditional medicines, some avoid
eye contact with dying
Sodium action in body - Correct Answer-helps
maintain balance of water in and around your
cells. Important for proper muscle and nerve
function
Hypernatremia - Correct Answer-sodium level
>145meq/L
Hypernatremia Presentation - Correct
Answer-Restlessness, agitation, seizures, or
coma, dry mucous membranes, excessive
thirst, oliguria (decrease urine output),
muscle weakness and sluggishness, weight
loss, peripheral edema, elevated blood
pressure
Hypernatremia Etiology - Correct Answer-
Hypertonic, Isotonic, and sodium bicarb,
confused patients with inadequate water
intake, NPO, dehydration, fever, heat stroke,
diarrhea, hyperventilation, uncontrolled
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, diabetes, polyuria with diabetes insipidus,
cushings syndrome, excessive corticosteroid
use, hyperaldosteronism, alterations in
hypothalamus thirst response centers,
critically ill or intubated patients
Hypernatremia Etiology Medications - Correct
Answer-Lithium, demeclocycline, colchicine,
amphotericin B, gentamicin, vinblastine,
which affect renal response to ADH
Hypernatremia Treatment - Correct Answer-
Use of diuretics, IV fluids with D5W and
hypotonic saline solutions
Hyponatremia - Correct Answer-Serum
sodium < 136 meq/L
Hyponatremia Presentation - Correct Answer-
Irritability, restlessness, agitation, seizures,
coma, dry mucous membranes, excessive
thirst, postural hypotension, tachycardia,
weak and thready pulse, cool and clammy
skin, headache, muscle spasms, weakness,
sluggishness, nausea and vomiting,
abdominal cramps, oliguria (decreased urine
output)
Hyponatremia Etiology - Correct Answer-excessive
diaphoresis, potassium depletion, wound drainage, renal
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